Twin Impinger

Figure 11 Diagrams of apparatus (A) twin impinger and (B) metal impinger as described Condenser Lens in the British Pharmacopoeia. (From Ref. 98, with permission of Fisons Corp.)...

Table 1 Comparison of the Metal Impinger and Twin Impinger for the Dispersion Analysis Secondary Electron Detector of Intal (Sodium Cromoglycate) Metered-Dose Inhalers... 

Figure 3 Dimensions and volumes of seven popular inlet throats used with cascade impactors for the analysis of pharmaceutical aerosols. The USP-1, USP-2, and twin impinger inlet are the most popular. (From Ref. 10.)...

Newman et al. (36) (fiUed symbols) and Olsson et al. (37) (open symbols). Newman measured deposition by gamma camera. Olsson nsed the Charcoal block pharmacokinetics techniqne. Both gronps nsed the twin impinger glass inlet (see Fig. 3). 

A number of techniques have been evolved to disperse liquids in gases in the form of fine droplets. The various atomizing techniques are jet injections, fan sprays, centrifugal nozzles, twin fluid atomizers, impinging jets, and rotary... 

Twin limiter experiments allow us to directly compare two different material properties influenced by the tokamak edge plasma. First, carbon and tungsten have been investigated and compared as plasma-facing materials [21-25]. With the same D-flux impinging on the carbon and tungsten surfaces, the intensity of the D7-line is about 20-30% larger on carbon (Fig. 13.5). This can... 

As shown in Figure 7-4,3, a beam of radialion from a source is collimated and impinges on a beamsplitter, which iran.smiis appro.ximaiely half the radiation and reflects the other half. The resulting twin beams are then reflected from mirrors, one fixed and the other movable. The beams then meet again at the beamsplitter. with half of each beam directed toward the sample and detector and Ihe other two halves directed back toward the source. Only the two halves that pass through the sample to the detector are used for analytical purposes. 

Fig. 4.26. Petrochem cabin heater process furnace for a vinyl chloride monomer process at 932 F (500 C) in Eu rope. This unit has a twin in Texas. Type E flat-flame burners (fig. 6.2) provide uniformly high-flux radiation transfer to the tubes without flame impingement.

Spray impact is the impingement of a spray upon its target. It is a factor of droplet size, the feed pressure, the flow rate and the gas velocity in the case of twin-fluid atomizers. While impact is quantitatively measurable, it is more typically qualitatively measured. That is, testing with various nozzles and operating conditions can determine what impact is most effective for that spray application. 

A water mist can be generated using a high-pressure water jet impinging on a deflector, a high-pressure water jet emerging from a small orifice, or a gaseous media to atomize the water jet (twin-fluid atomization). Other innovative mist... 

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