Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

The 12 principles of green chemistry are listed below (Clark and Macquarrie, 2002). Of course, over the years additional principles have been added to these original 12, but those could be derived from these 12 principles. 

Prevention. It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean it up after it has been generated in a process. This is based on the concept of stop the pollutant at the source.  

Atom economy. Synthetic steps or reactions should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all raw materials used in the process into the final product, instead of generating unwanted side or wasteful products (Trost, 1991, 1995). 

Less hazardous chemical use. Synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to the environment and public at large. 

Design for safer chemicals. Chemical products should be designed so that they not only perform their designed function but are also less toxic in the short and long terms. 

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These solvent-free conditions are included in the twelve principles of Green Chemistry [25], and facilitate the design of sustainable processes for the chemical industry. 

The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry can he further distilled into two major ideas. The first is sustainability That is, reac-... 

Green chemistry is an overarching approach that is applicable to all aspects of chemistry (Anastas, 2002). Green chemistry methodologies can be viewed through the framework of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry (Anastas, 1998) ... 

If we look at the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry, it is easy to indicate the issues that should determine the green character of analytical chemistry. The following should be treated as priorities251,252 ... 

Anastas and Warner formulated the twelve principles of green chemistry in 1998. These serve as guidelines for chemists seeking to lower the ecological footprint of the chemicals they produce and the processes by which such chemicals are made. 

TIVELY, has been proposed which captures the spirit of the twelve principles of green chemistry and can be presented as a single slide (Fig. 10.1) [6]. 

We were pleasantly surprised to find an inorganic text with some coverage of green chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry (Housecrofl Sharpe, Prentice Hall, 2004) has incorporated a discussion of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry and four examples of green chemistry within the text. 

Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry (Adapted from Anastas and Warner, Green Chemistry Theory and Practice)... 

The elimination of solvents in chemical processes, or the replacement of hazardous solvents with environmentally benign ones, is one of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry [13]. The main advantage of solventless chemistry is that it is conceptually the simplest solution for the problems with solvents. However, not many reactions can be carried out under such conditions, as exothermic reactions can be dangerous, heating and stirring can be inefficient, especially if solid reactants or products are present, and usually solvents are needed for working up the product from solventless reaction media. 

The twelve principles of green chemistry a reference framework... 

The twelve principles of green chemistry, as originally suggested by Paul Anastas and John Warner (and explained by us), are as follows ... 

If you have read through the twelve principles of green chemistry, you will likely have realized that the focus of green chemistry rests on minimizing the impact of the development, manufacturing, and use of chemical products on the environment. While these twelve principles may not enumerate every possible method for reducing the impact of chemicals on the environment, they provide a foundation for the outcomes that green chemistry seeks to achieve. 

Figure 8.6 The connections between the Twelve Principles of green chemistry and the types of greenness metrics. The connections represented by thick lines are those specified in Table 8.2.

Description The course will begin by introducing the Twelve Principles of green chemistry followed by the use of green chemistry metrics for quantifying greenness . In this context, we will move on to explore major areas... 

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