Turbine condenser

Nonautomatic-Extraction Turbine, Condensing or Noncondensing Steam is extracted from one or more stages, but without means for controlling the pressures of the extrac ted steam. 

Specimen Location Low-pressure turbine condenser inlet just outside tubesheet... 

The various balance of plant equipment systems (BOP) consist of a wide range of post-boiler section equipment and associated pipework, including turbines, condensers, condenser cooling systems, and related components. 

Feedwater pump turbines typically receive steam from the main turbine (at the IP to LP crossover stage) at 100 to 200 psia (6.9-13.8 bar), and condense the steam to 2 to 3 inches of mercury absolute (0.07-0.10 bar) exhaust pressure, either to the main turbine condenser or to separate condensers. 

Gas ejectors (an ejector is a vent for removing non-condensable gases from the condensing unit located downstream from the turbine. Condensate from the cooling towers is pumped to the condenser unit to condense the steam leaving the turbine. In this way, low pressure is created downstream from the turbine, which leads to improved efficiency to generate electric... 

The steam from a BWR is, of course, radioactive. The radioactivity is primarily 16N, a very short-lived nitrogen isotope (7 seconds half-life) so that the radioactivity of the steam system exists only during power generation. Extensive generating experience has demonstrated that shutdown maintenance on a BWR turbine, condensate, and feedwater components can be performed essentially as a fossil-fuel plant. 

In a BWR, the water passing through the reactor core is allowed to boil because it is at a lower pressure, 75 bar. The steam produced is passed through a turbine, condensed, and returned to the reactor. 

Marine Crustacea, which include barnacles and crabs and the marine molluscs, which include mussels, can cause severe fouling problems when coastal seawater is used for once-through cooling of power plant turbine condensers. Various species of marine barnacles, mussels, and their spat quickly establish in warm waters and become extremely troublesome. (The problems are exacerbated by seaweed, sponges, various other marine organisms, and SRBs.) The marine acorn (or rock) barnacle, of group Cirripedia, is a common marine foulant, as are the mussels of family Mytillidae. 

The calculations for the steam-turbine condenser can only be performed if the steam condensate flowrate is known. This... 

In the 1950s Hickman developed a centrifugal vapor compression evaporator for seawater desalination (53). This device consisted of multiple spinning discs. Seawater sprayed on one side of the disc evaporated, while the centrifugal force removed the residue from the plate surface. The vapor was compressed and returned to the opposite side of the plate, where condensation provided the heat for evaporation and the desired freshwater for recovery. Overall heat transfer coefficients of 18 kW/m2-K are about three times higher than those achieved in steam turbine condensers. 

The interested reader should refer to Reference (13) for a detailed description of costing equations for the boiler, turbine, condenser, and pump. The costing equations for this system are listed in Table I. 

Gas cooled reactors use carbon dioxide under pressure as a recirculating heat transfer medium (coolant) between the hot nuclear reactor core and water in a secondary circuit in order to raise steam and electrical power in an otherwise conventional high pressure steam generator/turbine/condenser loop. The role played by ion exchange is denoted by systems A-D in Figure 8.22. 

D. W. Nobbs and Y. R. Mayhew, Effect of Downward Vapor Velocity and Inundation on Condensation Rates on Horizontal Tube Banks, Steam Turbine Condensers, National Engineering Laboratory Report No. 619, East Kilbride, Glasgow, pp. 39-52,1976. 

Offgases released into the primary coolant during norma] operation consist of air leaked into the turbine condenser, activated gases, fission gases, and Hj and Oj from radiolytic decomposition of steam. A typical mixture could contain roughly a 6 - 8 % share of hydrogen. 

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