Tumour enlargement

As the primary tumour enlarges, fuels and oxygen become limiting for further growth. Consequently, for growth to continue, the blood supply must expand. At least two proteins are secreted by tumour cells that stimulate angio-... 

Control of blood pressure preoperatively or when the tumour cannot be removed is achieved by a-adrenoceptor blockade which reverses peripheral vasoconstriction. P-blockade may also be required to control tachycardia in patients with adrenaline-secreting tumours. Since adrenaline secretion, as explained above, tends to fall as tumours enlarge, tachycardia is not usually a major problem. Initiation of a-blocker treatment can unmask tachycardia, since there is no longer baroreceptor induced vagal... 

A possible way to improve differentiation between normal and diseased tissues is the use of non-specific contrast agents which achieve contrast enhancement based on morphological and physiological properties of tumour tissue. Contrast agents for X-ray, CT and MRI are preferentially taken up by tumour tissue shortly after intravenous injection due to increased tumour vasculature, leaky endothelial structures and enlarged extracellular volumes [34], a phenomenon that is in principle exploitable for optical contrast agents. 

Circumscribed enlargement of the liver is precipitated by local lesions such as cysts, abscesses, parasites (e. g. echinococcus) and benign or malignant tumours this also results in diffuse enlargement of the liver in some cases. 

Fig. 38.9 Hodgkin l)miphoma several foci up to the size of a lentil as well as a 1.5 cm tumour node in the greatly enlarged spleen...

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome A rare disorder where there is excessive gastric acid secretion due to high gastrin levels in the blood produced by an enlarged pancreas or pancreatic tumour. 

Externally —As a dressing for painful and irritable tumours for tender enlarged glands for cases of garget and sore throat and, in the form of injection, for allaying irritation of the bladder or rectum, and counteracting spasmodic contractions of the uterus. 

Actions and Uses.—Internally —In excessive doses, irritant poison in medicinal doses, alterative, deobstruent, and diuretic. Given in scrofula, enlargement of the lymphatic glands, periostitis, articular rheumatism, and dropsy, ternally To promote the absorption of tumours and other abnormal growths. Also employed as a solvent for iodine, which it strongly resembles in therapeutic action. 

Olsson DS, Buchfelder M, Wiendieck K, Kremenevskaja N, Bengtsson BA, Jakobsson KE, Jarfelt M, Johannsson G, Nilsson AG. Tumour recurrence and enlargement in patients with craniopharyngioma with and without GH replacement therapy during more than 10 years of follow-up. Eur J Endocrinol 2012 166 (6) 1061-8 [erratum 2012 167(1) 135]. 

Dimethylnitrosamine appeared more potent than diethylnitrosamine in the induction of lung tumours in different strains of mice (Takayama and OoTA 1965). In the Syrian golden hamster, diethylnitrosamine induced tracheal papillomas (Wahn-SCHAFFE et al. 1987). Enlarged lysosomes sized up to 10 pm in diameter occurred in a particular type of cells situated at the periphery of tumour lobules. The differentiated phenotype of these cells was secretory in nature. 

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