Trunk roads

To the casual observer today the most obvious feature of the mysterious and secret underground world of Corsham is the Copenacre Royal Naval Storage Depot, an incongruous group of sinister, squat, wartime bunkers and modem offices crouching beside the main A4 trunk road about a mile outside the town. In reality Copenacre, or Hartham Park as it is more properly called, is a relatively unimportant quarry with no physical links to the much larger Spring Quarry complex a short distance to the south. 

He got out another map, illustrating in three colors the three phases of the. Turkish road program a total of 22,000 kilometers of projected roads, to be built over a period of nine years in three increments of about 7,000 kilometers each. The map showed that the first three-year program comprised trunk roads between the major cities in the interior but not in the frontier regions the second three years would see the building of feeder and connecting roads only in the third three years would any new roads at all be built in the areas near the Russian, Bulgarian or Iranian frontiers. 

His neural nanonics reported the medical package had finished knitting to his knee. The weight load it could take was down forty percent. It would have to do. Ralph tucked the heavy-calibre rifle under his arm, then bending low, he ran for the end of the parapet and the steps down to the trunk road. 

To reduce the probability of traffic accidents and to prevent contact between unconfined material and a target is more problematic and sometimes contradictory. For example, in the case of land transport, there may be a choice between rail and road. It might seem preferable to choose rail since the overall probability of an accident is very low, but railway lines in general pass through built-up and heavily populated areas, whereas bypasses on trunk roads often avoid these. 

In the United Kingdom, the Department of Transport s (DoT) estimate of salt-induced corrosion damage is a total of 616.5 million on motorway and trunk road bridges in England and Wales alone (Wallbank, 1989). These bridges represent about 10% of the total bridge inventory in the country. The eventual cost may therefore be 10 times the DoT estimate. The statistics for Europe, the Asian Pacific and Australia are similar. 

Early studies conducted by TRRE (Shane and Newton 1988) between 1980 and 1986 on motorways and trunk roads found that 8% of CVs had a gross weight greater than the permitted maximum and a further 5.4% that did not exceed the gross weight limit had overloaded axles. In the same study, it was concluded that overloading contributed directly to 5.7% of the road wear attributable to all goods vehicles. 

Oniy permitted on trunk roads inciuding motorways that are designed for not more than 20 msa. 

Category 4 Severe deterioration - intervention level of concern. This condition should not occur very frequently on the motorway and the all-purpose trunk road network as earlier maintenance should have prevented this state from being reached. At this level of deterioration, more detailed (scheme level) investigations should be carried out on the deteriorated lengths at the earliest opportunity and action should be taken if and as appropriate. 

TEAM House, Grand Southern Trunk Road,... 

In 1990 a Standard and Advice Note on Road Safety Audit were introduced as part of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB). This made Road Safety Audit mandatory on trunk roads and motorway schemes from 1991 onwards. 

During the late 1990s, the Highways Agency carried out a comprehensive review of Road Safety Audit in the UK. As a result, a new Standard (HD 19/03 Road Safety Audits) was published in November 2003. This Standard applies to trunk roads (including motorways) and is commended to other highway authorities. ... 

Some schemes (such as those related to major developments) are sometimes subject to a Feasibility Road Safety Audit prior to the Stage 1 Audit, although this is not required on a trunk road project. 

The Highways Agency Standard HD 19/03 provides advice and guidance on how to undertake Road Safety Audits on trunk roads. 

TRL Report 335 Accidents on modem rural dual-carriageway trunk roads,... 

Modem dual-carriageway trunk roads have an accident rate half that of traditional A class roads. 

TRL Research Report RR321 Accident reductions from trunk road... 

Accident remedial schemes on trunk roads can produce a significant reduction in accidents of around 40% (50% at junctions), with negligible change in accidents downstream of the sites. 

A study of English A class all-purpose trunk roads showed only 1% of accidents involved vehicles entering, leaving or parked in lay-bys but these have a high severity index (25%). 

TD 41/95 Vehicular access to all purpose trunk roads, Annex 1 — Results... 

Trunk road sites with MOVA showed a reduction in red light running. 

Interim Advice Note 89/07, Appraisal of new and replacement road lighting on the strategic motorway and all purpose trunk road network, 2007... 

On the A49 trunk road at Craven Arms, Shropshire, the measures implemented included gateways on each approach, speed cushions, mini-roundabouts, painted 30 mph roundels on patches of red surface, refuges and centre hatching on a red background through the village itself. 

Powered two-wheelers made up 0.6% of trunk road traffic but involved 8.9% of all accidents between 2001 and 2003. 

Road Safety Audits are being carried out on all t3 pes of roads, not only the trunk road network. 

In February 2005 the Highways Agency published a new Standard related to non-motorised user (NMU) audits. This Standard makes NMU audits mandatory on trunk road schemes. The audit is a check on the needs of the following road users ... 

At present. Road Safety Audit is mandatory on all new trunk road schemes in the UK, and the majority of highway authorities carry out Road Safety Audits on local road schemes. It may be argued that Road Safety Audits should be mandatory for all road schemes. 

The Consultancy employs in the region of 160 staff and provides highways design and specialist services to the five unitary authorities comprising the former county. The Consultancy s other main function for which I am responsible is as Agent Authority for Welsh Office for Trunk road and Motorway Maintenance in South East Wales. This forms a substantial element of the Consultancy s workload. 

Fig 1) South East Wales Trunk Road Agency administered by Gwent Consultancy... 

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