Trout function

Laboratory trials during lampricide application (0.5-5.8 mg/L, 24-h exposure) with rainbow trout confirmed that field formulations of lampricides induce hepatic mixed function oxygenase enzymes activity. Mixed function oxygenase induction was associated with the 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol formulation, and not the 2, 5-dichloroU -nitrosalicylanilidc (Bayer 73) component of the field application. Bioassays were successfully confirmed with HPLC [78]. 

Ricard, A.C., C. Daniel, P. Anderson, and A. Hontela. 1998. Effects of subchronic exposure to cadmium chloride on endocrine and metabolic functions in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 34 377-381. 

Gustin, M.S., G.E. Taylor, Jr., and T.L. Leonard. 1995. Atmospheric mercury concentrations above mercury contaminated mill tailings in the Carson River drainage basin, NV. Water Air Soil Pollut. 80 217-220. Gutenmann, W.H., J.G. Ebel, Jr., H.T. Kuntz, K.S. Yourstone, and D.J. Lisk. 1992. Residues of /J.//-DDE and mercury in lake trout as a function of age. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 22 452-455. 

Voccia, I., K. Krzystniak, M. Dunier, D. Flipo, and M. Fournier. 1994. In vitro mercury-related cytotoxicity and functional impairment of the immune cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat. Toxicol. 29 37-48. 

Bowser, D.H., K. Frenkel, and J.T. Zelikoff. 1994. Effects of in vitro nickel exposure on the macrophage-mediated immune functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 52 367-373. 

Tyle, H., M. Egsmose, and N. Harrit. 1991. Mixed-function oxygenase in juvenile rainbow trout exposed to hexachlorobenzene or 3,3, 4,4 -tetrachlorobiphenyl. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 100C 161-164. 

Gerhart, E.H. and R.M. Carlson. 1978. Hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity in rainbow trout exposed to several polycyclic aromatic compounds. Environ. Res. 17 284-295. 

Kooner, B., Wasserrab, B., Kotterba, G., and Fisher, U. Evaluation of immune functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) — how can environmental influences be detected , Toxicol Lett., 131, 83, 2002. 

In an effort to characterize further the metabolism of DEHP by trout, the effect of the mixed function oxidase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, upon the metabolism of DEHP by these trout liver fractions and serum was examined. Because of the use of piperonyl butoxide as an insecticide synergist, it is possible that fish might be exposed to this chemical in the environment. The data in Table VII show that piperonyl butoxide inhibited overall metabolism of DEHP by liver homogenates and microsomes whether NADPH was added or not. The hydrolysis of DEHP by serum was also blocked by piperonyl butoxide and although not shown, this was also the case with liver cytosol. These latter results were surprising because piperonyl butoxide has been known as a mixed function oxidase inhibitor only, and would not be expected... 

In addition to the 2 nm shift in the absorption maximum, the two cytochromes can be distinguished by the use of ethyl isocyanide interaction spectra (6, 7) and various inhibitors of the monooxygenase activity (Figure 2 and Table III). The relative magnitude of the ethyl isocyanide-cytochrome P-1+50 interaction spectral peaks at —1+30 and —1+55 nm is pH dependent (6j and if the absorbance differences are plotted as functions of pH, there is a cross-over point at a certain pH which is characteristic for a particular form of cytochrome P-1+50 pH 6.9 for cytochrome P-1+1+8 and pH 7-5-7.6 for PB induced or control cytochrome P-1+50 (6, 21). The cytochrome P-1+50 of apparently uninduced trout species (Salmo trutta lacustris) has been shown by us to have the pH cross-over point for ethyl isocyanide interaction spectrum at pH 7.8 (2l) and the absorption maximum of the reduced trout liver cytochrome P-1+50. 00 complex is 1+50 nm, nevertheless its catalytic and inhibitory properties (2l)(Table III) are similar to those of cytochrome P-1+1+8. 

Ahokas, J.T. Metabolism of 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PP0) by trout liver microsomal mixed function monooxygenase. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. (1976) 13, 1+39-1+1+7. 

Addison, R.F., Zinck, M.E. and Willis, D.E. Mixed function oxidase enzymes in trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) liver Absence of induction following feeding of p,p -DDT or p,p -DDE. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (1977) 57C 39-43. 

Alterations in Rainbow Trout Liver Function and Body Fluids Following Treatment with Carbon Tetrachloride or Monochlorobenzene... 

Recently we have evaluated several exogenous and endogenous tests of liver function in rainbow trout following intoxication by the model hepatotoxicant CCl. The results of these studies indicate that elevated plasma activity of the enzyme glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) is the most sensitive endogenous index of... 

EF6/8 Lys Lys Lys Lys Lys Lys binds diffusible anions in the internal cavity of deoxy-Hbs invariant in all vertebrate Hbs except trout I which lacks all oxygen-linked functions and where it is replaced by Leu... 

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