Trimyristin

Tnmynstm is obtained from coconut oil and has the molecular formula C45H86O6 On being heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide followed by acidification trimyristin was converted to glycerol and tetradecanoic acid as the only products What is the structure of trimyristin ... 

I. If the trimyristin is not pure white and tree ot nutmeg oil, it will be necessary to purify the resulting acid by distillation... 

Myristic acid occurs as a glyceride in many vegetable fats and oils, in particular in coconut oil,i its isolation from which involves separation from homologs by fractional distillation of the acids or their esters. The trimyristin obtained from nutmegs 2 (p. 100) or from the seeds of Virola venezuelensis forms the most suitable source. 

If nutmeg butter, a commercial fat obtained by the hot pressing of ground nutmegs, is available, the above extraction may be omitted. The only operation necessary is a double crystallization of the crude material from boiling 95 per cent alcohol. Since nutmeg butter is frequently adulterated with foreign fats, the purity of the product should be checked by the saponification number (232 for pure trimyristin). 

The filtrate from the crude trimyristin contains the odorous oils of the nutmeg. A further quantity of trimyristin may be obtained from it by distilling with steam and recrystallizing the non-volatile residue twice from alcohol but the amount is not commensurate with the trouble, and this operation is not advised unless the residues from at least 5000 g. of nutmegs are on hand. 

The only convenient source of trimyristin is nutmegs, and ether is the most suitable solvent for its extraction. It has also been prepared from glycerol and myristic acid. ... 

Trimyristin (MW 722, C46He606) Tripalmitin (MW 806, C51H9e06) Tristearin (MW 890, C67H110O6)... 

SLN for the topical application to the skin are made np from lipids such as glyceryl behenate (Compritol 888 ATO), glyceryl monostearate (Imwitor 900), glyceryl pahnitostearate (Precirol ATO 5), triglycerides (trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin), or the wax cetyl pahnitate. Nanodispersions contain 5 to 40% lipid the higher-concentrated preparations have a semisolid appearance. These nanodispersions are cosmetically acceptable as they are, whereas the fluid nanodispersions with lower lipid content shonld be incorporated into, for example, a cream that facilitates the application. 

Trilaurin (Dynasan 112) Trimyristin (Dynasan 114) Tripalmitin (Dynasan 116) Hard fat (Witepsol H42) Hard fat (Witepsol W35)... 

FIGURE 3.1 Differential scanning calorimetry melting curves (scan rate 0.04°C/min) of trimyristin dispersions (10% triglyceride stabilized with different concentrations of tyloxapol) with different mean photon correlation spectroscopy z-average diameters. The raw material was dispersed in an aqueous phase containing 1% tyloxapol. (Adapted from [1]. Copyright 2000, American Chemical Society. With permission.)... 

Hydrocarbon-Hydrocarbon Interaction. Figure 5c shows the general characteristics of mixed monolayers in which hydrocarbon-hydrocarbon interaction occurs—e.g., trimyristin-myristic acid monolayers (16). The average area per molecule shows a deviation, whereas the surface potential per molecule follows the additivity rule. Hydrocarbon-hydrocarbon interaction also increases the cohesive force in the lipid layer and therefore reduces the fluidity of the mixed monolayer. It is evident from Figures 3a and 3c that surface fluidity is the only parameter which distinguishes an intermolecular cavity effect from hydrocarbon-hydrocarbon interaction. 

The crystallization kinetics of bulk triglycerides and oil-in-water emulsions has been characterized by both NMR imaging and localized spectroscopy. The rate of lipid crystallization in an oil-in-water emulsion was affected by the addition of a second homopolymer (addition of trilaurin to trimyristin in this case). The addition of the second homopolymer of higher chain length was observed to slow the rate of crystallization [26]. 

On the basis of trimyristin s molecular formula C45H8606 and of the fact that its hydrolysis gives only glycerol and tetradecanoic acid CH3(CH2)12C02H, it must have the structure shown. 

The extracted or expressed fixed oil is an orange-coloured aromatic semi-solid, also known as concrete or nutmeg butter (because it has the consistency of butter at room temperature). It melts at 45—51°C and has a specific gravity of 0.990. It is completely soluble in hot alcohol, but sparingly soluble in cold. However, it is freely soluble in ether and chloroform. The major component of fixed oil is trimyristin. 

Chloroform extract of seeds showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Trimyristin and myristic acid isolated from the extract also showed good antibacterial activity (Narasimhan and Dhake, 2006). 

An ether extraction of nutmeg gives large quantities of trimyristin, a waxy crystalline solid of melting point 57 °C. The IR spectrum of trimyristin shows a very strong absorption at 1733 cm-1. Basic hydrolysis of trimyristin gives 1 equivalent of glycerol and 3 equivalents of myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid). 

Trimyristin, a solid fat present in nutmeg, is hydrolyzed to give one equivalent of glycerol and three equivalents of myristic acid. Give the structure of trimyristin. 

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