Triglycerides lipase and

Lipid metabolism effects. Grains, in the ration of rats at a dose of 68 g/animal daily for 3 months, were active vs rats fed tapioca. Total serum cholesterol and triglycerides were higher than animals fed tapioca. Glucose-6-phosphate levels were lower, and triglyceride lipase and lipoprotein lipase were increased over levels found in the tapioca group k Seed oil, in the ration of rats at a concentration of 10% of the diet, was active. Liver triglycerides were lower in rats fed rice brain oil than those fed peanut... 

Lowe, M.E. 1999. Assays for pancreatic triglyceride lipase and colipase. In Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 109 Lipase and Phospholipase Protocols (M.H. Doolittle and K. Reue, eds.) pp. 59-70. Humana Press, Totowa, N.J. 

G. Olivecrona and T. Olivecrona, Triglyceride lipases and atherosclerosis, Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 6 (1995) 291-305. 

Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Changes in Plasma Lipids Lipoprotein Lipase, Hepatic Triglyceride Lipase and Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase... 

In a manner similar to LPL inhibition, EL triglyceride lipase and phospholipase activities were completely abolished in the presence of 1 m NaCl. 

Fig. 8.3 Aliquots of EL, HL and LPL medium were assayed for triglyceride lipase and phospholipase activities [16]. The ratio of triglyceride lipase to phospholipase activity was then determined.

Intolerance to intravenous lipid emulsion (IVFE), evidenced by increased serum triglyceride concentrations, is common in ARE Hypertriglyceridemia is thought to be caused by decreased catabolism of triglycerides and increased synthesis from free fatty acids (FFAs). Hepatic triglyceride lipase and peripheral lipoprotein lipase activ-... 

Jin W, Sun GS, Marchadier D, et al. Endothelial cells secrete triglyceride lipase and phospholipase activities in response to cytokines as a result of endothelial lipase. Circ Res 2003 92 644—650. 

Montserrat P., H. Hackl, T. Rainer Burkard, A. Prokesch, C Papak, M. Scheideler, G. Hammerle, R. Zechner, Z. Trajanoski and J.G. Strauss, 2008. Differential transcriptional modulation of biological processes in adipocyte triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase-deficient mice Genomics 92, 26-32. 

Table 9.9 The triglyceride content of palm oil pre- and post-incubation with lipase and stearic acid as described in the text.

The steps in the subsequent utilization of muscle LCFAs may be summarized as follows. The free fatty acids, liberated from triglycerides by a neutral triglyceride lipase, are activated to form acyl CoAs by the mediation of LCFAcyl-CoA synthetase which is situated on the outer mitochondrial membrane. The next step involves carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT I, see Figure 9) which is also located on the outer mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the transfer of LCFAcyl residues from CoA to carnitine (y-trimethyl-amino-P-hydroxybutyrate). LCFAcyl... 

Pancreatic enzyme supplements should be taken immediately prior to meals to aid in the digestion and absorption of food. Alternately, patients can supplement their diet with medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) or ingest foods rich in MCTs since they do not require pancreatic enzymes for absorption. An appropriate regimen incorporates the successful doses of each enzyme (amylase, lipase, and protease) from the starting non-enteric-coated regimen. As with the previous example, a patient stabilized on Viokase-8, six tablets with each meal, can be transitioned to Pancrease MT-16 three tablets with meals. The famotidine can then be discontinued. 

The neurohormonal control of lipid metabolism chiefly affects the mobilization and synthesis of triglycerides in the fat tissue. The lipolysis in tissues is dependent upon the activity of triglyceride lipase. All the regulators that favour the conversion of the inactive (nonphosphorylated) lipase to the active (phosphoiylated) one, stimulate the lipolysis and the release of fatty acids into the blood. Adrenalin... 

The answer is d, (Katzung, pp 589-590.) Only gemfibrozil acts to lower triglycerides, probably because of increased lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase and decreased lipolysis inside adipocytes, causing a net movement of triglycerides into the cell. 

Lipase Inhibitor Orlistat (Xenical, Roche) is prescribed for the treatment of obesity. It inhibits the gastrointestinal lipase enzymes by binding to the lipase through the serine site and inactivates the enzyme. Fat in the form of triglycerides cannot be hydrolyzed by the lipase and converted to free fatty acids and monoglycerides. Thus, there is no uptake of fat molecules into the cell tissue. 

Nicotinic acid and its derivatives (pyridylcarbinol, xanthinol nicotinate, acipimox) activate endothelial lipoprotein lipase and thereby lower triglyceride levels. At the start of therapy, a prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation occurs (flushing and hypotension) that can be prevented by low doses of acetyl-salicylic acid. 

Triacylglycerol Upases [EC 3.1.1.3] (also known as triglyceride lipases, tributyrases, or simply as lipases) catalyze the hydrolysis of a triacylglycerol to produce a diac-ylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The pancreatic enzyme acts only on an ester-water interface the outer ester links in the substrate are the ones which are preferentially... 

Selected entries from Methods in Enzymology [vol, page(s)] Detergent-resistant phospholipase Ai from Escherichia coll membranes, 197, 309 phospholipase Ai activity of guinea pig pancreatic lipase, 197, 316 purification of rat kidney lysosomal phospholipase Ai, 197, 325 purification and substrate specificity of rat hepatic lipase, 197, 331 human postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase, 197, 339 phospholipase activity of milk lipoprotein lipase, 197, 345. 

Mechanism of Action An antihyperlipidemic that enhances synthesis of lipoprotein lipase and reduces triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and VLDLs. Therapeutic Effect Increases VLDL catabolism and reduces total plasma triglyceride levels. Pharmacokinetics Well absorbed from the GI tract. Absorption increased when given with food. Protein binding 99%. Rapidly metabolized in the liver to active metabolite. Excreted primarily in urine lesser amount in feces. Not removed by hemodialysis. Half-life 20 hr. 

Serum amylase, bilirubin, cholesterol, lipase, and triglyceride levels blood glucose level CBC CD4+ cell count and liver function test results... 

Figure 7.8 A differential scanning calorimeter investigation of the triglyceride lipase cutinase from Fusarium solani pish at pH 8.5. The buffer 20 mM glycine (flat trace) and the protein solution in the glycine buffer have been studied separately. A distinct signal at about 55 degree C defines the thermal denaturation of the enzyme. These scans were...

Jensen, R. G., Sampugna, J. and Pereira, R. L. 1964. Intermolecular specificity of pancreatic lipase and the structural analysis of milk triglycerides. J. Dairy Sci. 47, 727-732,... 

Lipases are triglyceride esterases, and as these substrates are insoluble in water, lipases are interfacial enzymes. Under these conditions, the hydrolytic reaction versus the synthetic reaction is favoured1. 

Rhizopus arrhizus dead mycelium was found to be very active in organic solvents as a naturally immobilized lipase. Triglycerides hydrolysis and interesterification, esters and glycerides synthesis, natural flavour esters preparation and racemic mixtures resolution in pharmaceutical drugs synthesis are among the successfully designed processes, each of one with a specific reactional medium. 

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