Trichilia

Trichilia emetica subsp. suberosa JJ de Wilde, Meliaceae. 91... 

Three new dolabellanes (24-26) were isolated from the wood of Trichilia trifolia (family Meliaceae, mahogany family ) collected in Yucatan, Mexico... 

Fig. 2 Dolabellanes (24-26) isolated from the plant Trichilia trifolia (2000). Dolabellane (27) from the liverwort Pleurozia gigantea...

Plant parts other than seeds have been less well studied and little attention has been placed on insecticidal modes of action of the defenses of the neotropical Meliaceae. Our study of the insect growth-reducing activity of 50 extracts of bark, leaf and wood of Central American Meliaceae showed the potent effect of these extracts against lepidopteran larvae and the potential for isolation of bioactive compounds from alarge number of these species. Extracts from the genera Trichilia and Cedrela (Xie etal., 1994 Ewete etal., 1996a Wheeler etal., 2001) show exceptional activity. Trichilia americana extracts have strong antifeedant activity to Spodoptera... 

Other studies show the presence of a diversity of compounds other than limonoids as defenses in the tissues of Meliaceae. Woody tissues of Trichilia trifolia afforded three novel dolabellanes with flexible Curing structures. These substances were very active antifeedants in the Sitophilus bioassay (Ramirez et al., 2000). T. martiana seeds yielded large amounts of 2-((Z,Z)-6,9-heptadecadienyl)furan. T. hirta and T. americana bark have yielded novel steroids by insect bioassay-guided isolation and application of a nanoprobe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique for structure elucidation (Chaurest etal.,1996). Compounds isolated included hydroxyandrosta-l,4-diene-3,16-dione (Fig. 1.4) and derivatives. However, studies by Wheeler et al. (2001) suggest that other unidentified compounds may also be... 

Chaurest, D., Durst, T., Arnason, J. T. et al. (1996). Novel steroids from Trichilia hirta identified by nanoprobe. Tetrahedron Letters 37 7875-7878. 

Ramirez, M- ., Toscano, R Arnason, J., Omar, S., Cerda-Garcia-Rojas, . M. and Mata, R. (2000). Structure, conformation and absolute configuration of new antifeedant dolabellanes from Trichilia trifolia. Tetrahedron 56 5085-5091. 

Wheeler, D. A., Isman, M. B., Sanchez-Vindas, P. E. and Arnason, J. T. (2001). Screening of Costa Rican Trichilia species for biological activity against the larvae of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera Noctuidae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 24 347-335. 

Xie, S. Gunning, P, Mackinnon, S. et al. (1994). Biological activity of extracts of Trichilia species and the limonoid hirtin against lepidopteran larvae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22 129-136. 

Five compounds similar to the tetranortriterpenoid limonin were isolated from the roots of Trichilia pallida (Meliaceae) with acetone. These compounds were identified as hirtin (255), deacetylhirtin (256), methyl 6-hydroxy-11 /3-acetoxy-12a-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)- 3,7-dioxo-14/3,15 /3-epoxy-1,5-meliacadien-29-oate (2 5 7),... 

On the basis of this palladium-mediated three-component coupling reaction, Morimoto and co-workers developed a methodology for the synthesis of two novel modified furanoeremophilane-type sesquiterpenes isolated from Trichilia cuneata, the 13-hydroxy-14-nordehydrocacalohastine 72 and 13-acetoxy-14-nordehydrocacalohastine 73 [75]. These two natural products showed inhibitory activities for membrane lipid peroxidation in mitochon-... 

The capabilities of the Nano-probe were challenged in a completely different fashion in 1996 by a study reporting the characterization of novel steroids from Trichilia hirta through the acquisition of INADEQUATE spectra.192 Using samples of 11 and 9 mg, respectively, INADEQUATE spectra were recorded to establish the structures of 99 and 100. Data were acquired in 62 h for each sample and the interpretation of the data was facilitated through the use of FRED software.84 86... 

Wheeler DA, Isman MB (2000) Effect of Trichilia americana extract on feeding behavior of Asian armyworm, Spodoptera litura. J Chem Ecol 26 2791-2800... 

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