Tri nitro phenol

DNB — Dinitrobenzene DNCB — Dinitrochlorobenzene DNCr — Dinitiocresole DNPh — Dinitro-phenol DNT — 2,4, Dinitrotoluene EtN — Erythritol Tetranitrate HNDPhA — Hexanitio-diphenylamine MHeN — Mannitol Hexanitrace MNPh — Mononitrophenol MNT — Mononitrotoluene PA — Picric Acid PETN — Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate TNAn — Trinitroaniline TNAns — Tri-nitroanisole TNB — Trinitrobenzene TNCr — Trinitrocresole TNPh — Tri nitro phenol TNT —... 

Salts.—As has been stated, the acid nature of the phenols is a distinctive character. This is especially true of the lower members, phenol, the simplest member, being commonly known as carbolic acid. In the case of certain substituted phenols the acid character is even more marked, e.g., picric acid, which is tri-nitro phenol. As acids the phenols readily form salts termed phepolates. 

The nitro derivatives of phenols are even more easily formed than the nitro derivatives of the hydrocarbons which, as will be recalled, are readily formed by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids upon the hydrocarbon. Even with dilute nitric acid phenol undergoes substitution with the formation of a mono-nitro phenol and with concentrated acid a tri-nitro phenol results. 

Tri-nitro Phenol. Picric Acid.—When the nitration of phenol is effected with concentrated acid three nitro groups enter the benzene ring and a tri-nitro phenol results. The particular tri-nitro compound formed is the symmetrical one and is known as picric acid. 

In preparing picric acid the phenol is first converted into a mixture of the ortho- and para-phenol sulphonic acid (p. 626). This by the action of concentrated nitric acid and heat yields the tri-nitro phenol. The nitro phenols are all more strongly acid than phenol itself. Picric acid is a yellow crystalline solid, m.p. 122.5°, and has a distinctly bitter taste. It forms an intensely yellow solution in water and the salts are even more strongly colored. 

The simplest derivatives of this mixed character which yield dyes are the nitro naphthols, i.e., mixed nitro and hydroxyl substitution products. Recalling well-known compounds of the benzene series it will be remembered that whereas mono-nitro benzene has practically no color, and di-nitro-benzene only a faint yellow color, the mixed tri-nitro phenol or picric acid has an intense yellow color and was one of the first yellow dyes used. 

If the graphic formula of benzene be represented thus (No. 1), then the positions 1 and 2 represent the ortho, 1 and 3 the meta, and 1 and 4 the para compounds. When the body phenol, C 6 H 5. OH, is nitrated, a compound is formed known as tri-nitro-phenol, or picric acid, C 6 H 2 (NO 2 ) 3 OH, which is used very extensively as an explosive, both as picric acid and in the form of picrates. Another nitro body that is used as an explosive is nitro-naphthalene, C 10 H 6 (NO 2 ) 2, in roburite, securite, and other explosives of this class. The hexa-nitro-maimite, C 6 H 8 (ONO 2 ) 6, is formed... 

CH3NO2 Nitro propane C5H2(N02)3CH3 Tri-nitro phenol... 

Below the tri-nitro phenol, draw its conjugate base. 

The chemical constitution of nitro-glycerine has already been set forth it is not a nitro-compound in the sense, for instance, that gun cotton and tri-nitro-phenol are, m which actually hydrogen is replaced by the radicle nitryl (NO,), but nityo-glycerine is in reality an ester of nitric acid in the same manner as in glycerine tire three hydrogen atoms... 

Among the chemicals which have been shown to be mutagens in Salmonella (as well as other short-term tests) that have recently been shown to be carcinogens are 1,2-dichloroethane (10 x 109 Ibs/year, U.S.), tris-dibromopropyl phosphate (the flame retardant used in children s polyester sleepwear), sulfallate (a pesticide), o-phenylene-diamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole (hair dye ingredient), 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine (hair dye ingredient), and 4-amino-2-nitro-phenol (hair dye ingredient). 

It has seemed desirable to try to detect the postulated acylimidazole intermediate by spectroscopic probing. Acetylimidazole has been shown31 to have an absorbance maximum at 245 nm with an extinction coefficient of 3000. This absorbance should provide a basis for detection of the intermediate. However, in practice the strong absorbances due to the aromatic ester substrate (nitrophenyl caproate) and the product (nitro-phenol(ate)), added to the light scattering from the polymer, have made the spectrophotometric observation of the acylimidazole intermediate unfeasible under the reaction conditions previously described.26... 

Copper Picrate will be described as Phenol, Tri-nitro, Copper Salt... 

Chen et al. (1999,2003) used cytosol prepared from various sections of the human intestine to study the occurrence and distribution of sulfotransferases in the gastrointestinal tract. They fortified the cytosol with PAPS. They utilized the sulfuryl group transfer from p-nitrophenol sulphate to PAP to generate PAPS for measurement of the phenol sulfotransferase activity by measurement of the colored product p-nitro-phenol. Cytosolic incubation were stopped by addition of Tris buffer, pH 8.7. 

Other nitro-derivatives of hydrocarhons and of phenols are used in explosive mixtures. Among the former are dinitro-benzene, chlor-dinitro-benzene, dinitro-toluene, di- or tri-nitro-den-vatives of mesitylene, pseudocumene, and xylene, dinitro-naphthalene. Trinitro-naphthalene and tetra-nitro-naphthalene have also been proposed. Of the nitro-phenols, perhaps the most important is tri-nitro-cresol, known as Cresilite in France, where it is added to Melinite. Other nitro-derivatives of the aromatic series will be mentioned in the section on detonators. 

The first, path (1), was straightforward since all N-aminohet-erocycles used in this work (Table V) were known, and methods for their preparation have been published. The majority of the sub-stituted-benzaldehydes used in this method were prepared according to the Beech (17) method as described (18) for the conversion of 2-bromo-4-toluidine into 2-bromo-4-methylbenzaldehyde. The method is of wide application and gave substituted benzaldehydes in 50-75% yield. The unavailability of certain (polyfluoroalkoxy)anilines precluded synthesis of corresponding aldehydes via this method. These were prepared from anisic acids (Chart III) or reduction of nitro-phenols. For example, conversion of meta-anisic acid into 3-(tri-... 

Nitro groups also increase the reactivity of phenols, but replacement of the hydroxyl by an amino group still needs temperatures of 150-200° and thus usually the use of pressure vessels.1054 Primary amines can be obtained at normal pressures from di- and tri-nitrated phenols and naphthols by melting them with urea 1055 1056 picramide, m.p. 188°, for instance, was formed in 88% yield by heating picric acid with 3 equivalents of urea at 173° for 36 h.1056... 

Hydrolysis rates of p-nitrophenyl phosphate substrate were measured in Tris buffer (pH 7.4) with the ultraviolet absorption (400 nm) of the p-nitro-phenol evolved. Figure 12 shows the hydrolysis rate of the substrate in the buffer solution, both in the presence and in the absence of the polymers. The hydrolysis rate was enormously accelerated by polymer 23C, while no catalytic activity was found in the presence of polymer 32. It showed clearly that vic-ds-diol groups of furanose rings played key roles in this catalysis, since the activity was lost when the diol groups were blocked by isopropylidene groups (32). 

Hydroxymethyl-phenol reagiert mit Nitro-alkanen in einer Triethylamin/m-Xylol-Lo-sungzu 4-(2-Nitro-alkyl)-phenolen, 1,1 -Bis-[4-hydroxy-phenyl]-l -nitro-alkanen und in sehr geringen Ausbeuten zu 1-Nitro-l, 1,1 -tris-[4-hydroxy-phenyl]-me-than1 ... 

A simple case where the general a constants in Table 8.5 do not succeed in correlating acidity constants is when the acid or base function is in direct resonance with the substituent. This may occur in cases such as substituted phenols, anilines, and pyridines. For example, owing to resonance (see Fig. 8.4), a para nitro group decreases the pKa of phenol much more than would be predicted from the o para constant obtained from the dissociation of p-nitrobenzoic acid. In such resonance cases (another example would be the anilines), a special set of o values (denoted as oJpara) has been derived (Table 8.5) to try to account for both inductive and resonance... 

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