Liquid Traps

Liquid-mtrogen traps Liquid oxygen Liquid petroleum gas... 

The collection medium for gases can be liquid or solid sorbents, an evacuated flask, or a cryogenic trap. Liquid collection systems take the form of bubblers which are designed to maximize the gas-liquid interface. Each design is an attempt to optimize gas flow rate and collection efficiency. Higher flow rates permit shorter sampling times. However, excessive flow rates cause the collection efficiency to drop below 100%. 

Inspect the reservoir interior for rust and other deposits. Remove any rust with scrapers and wire brushes, wash down the interior with a detergent solution, and flush with clean water. Dry the interior by blowing the surfaces with dry air and use a vacuum cleaner to remove trapped liquids. 

It will be seen that the design of articles to be electroplated can have a considerable effect on the corrosion resistance of the electrodeposited coating. The chief effects are the result of variations in deposit thickness, but also important are features which can influence the adhesion, porosity and physical properties of the deposit. Good design will also avoid features of the plated article capable of trapping liquids or solid contaminants which might cause more rapid corrosion. 

Wang, H., Race, E.J., and Shrikhande, A.J., Characterization of anthocyanins in grape juices by ion trap liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem.,... 

The simplest analytical method is direct measurement of arsenic in volatile methylated arsenicals by atomic absorption [ 11 ]. A slightly more complicated system, but one that permits differentiation of the various forms of arsenic, uses reduction of the arsenic compounds to their respective arsines by treatment with sodium borohydride. The arsines are collected in a cold trap (liquid nitrogen), then vaporised separately by slow warming, and the arsenic is measured by monitoring the intensity of an arsenic spectral line, as produced by a direct current electrical discharge [1,12,13]. Essentially the same method was proposed by Talmi and Bostick [10] except that they collected the arsines in cold toluene (-5 °C), separated them on a gas chromatography column, and used a mass spectrometer as the detector. Their method had a sensitivity of 0.25 xg/l for water samples. 

Grosjean, D E. C. Tuazon, and E. Fujita, Ambient Formic Acid in Southern California Air A Comparison of Two Methods, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Alkaline Trap-Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 144-146 (1990). 

In general, many of the analytes examined in this study can be isolated by using alternate methods such as purge and trap, liquid-liquid... 

Other Start-up Shut down Relief system Power/service failure Corrosion/erosion Materials of construction T oxicity/asphyxia Maintenance (provision of isolation, etc.) Double valves (trapped liquids) Valve access Provision for testing instruments, trips, alarms Fire Static electricity Noise Thermal radiation Ionising radiation Sampling Spares Anything else ... 

The culprit was determined to be a remote start button that allowed the liquid-filled pump to start and run undetected and isolated for a significant length of time. The trapped liquid continued to heat, expand, and boil, creating pressures sufficient to allow a catastrophic rupture of the pump. 

Cold trap (liquid nitrogen) with ground cone (NS 14)... 

This trapped liquid will be removed only if the partial pressure generated by the radius of curvature, 7 of the liquid in the capillary is greater than the partial pressure present in the green body in the proximity of the pore [1], P[i that is. 

Quite often problems arise when instruments for normal service are subjected to low temperature use. Since some metals become brittle at low temperatures, the instrument literally falls apart. Elastomeric gaskets and seals contract faster with decreasing temperatures than the surrounding metal parts, and the seal often is lost. Even hermetically sealed instruments can develop pin holes or small cracks to permit cryogenic liquids to enter these cases with time. Warming the instrument causes the trapped liquid to vaporize, sometimes generating excessive gas pressure and failure of the case. 

Despite the well-known association and trapping of liquid hydrocarbons within the coal structure, liquid hydrocarbons apparently are continuously generated and expelled from coal. Nevertheless, residual quantities of liquid hydrocarbons are normally trapped within the coal macromolecular matrix. These trapped liquid hydrocarbons are probably converted to gas during continued coalification. 

The arsines are collected in a cold trap (liquid nitrogen), then vaporized separately by slow warming, and the arsenic measured by monitoring the intensity of an arsenic spectral line, as produced by a direct-current electrical discharge " -. A similar method was used by Talmi and Bostick who used a mass spectrometer as the detector. Their method had a sensitivity of 0.25 igl for water samples. 

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