Transport from soil

Nazaroff WW. Radon transport from soil to air. Rev. Geophy. 1992 30 37-160. 

Nazaroff, W.W., Lewis, S.R., Doyle, S.M., Moed, B.A., and Nero, A.V., Experiments on Pollutant Transport from Soil into Residential Buildings by Pressure-Driven Air Flow, Report LBL-18374, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley CA (1985b), submitted to Environ. Scl. Technol... 

The apparent failure of trivalent and tetravalent cations to enter plants could result from the interaction of the cations with the phospholipids of the cell membranes. Evidence for such interactions is provided by the use of lanthanum nitrate as a stain for cell membranes (143) while thorium (IV) has been shown to form stable complexes with phospholipid micelles (144). However, it is possible that some plant species may possess ionophores specific to trivalent cations. Thomas (145) has shown that trees such as mockernut hickory can accumulate lanthanides. The proof of the existence of such ionophores in these trees may facilitate the development of safeguards to ensure that the actinides are not readily transported from soil to plants. 

An important implication of linearity in relationships between DOC export and runoff over very large ranges in runoff is that the DOC pool available for mobilization and export by water is very large and not easily depleted by high fluxes of water. As noted earlier in this chapter, this may be a reflection of the strong positive effect of water on soil organic matter storage (stimulation of production and inhibition of oxidative losses) as well as mobilization and transport from soils to aquatic ecosystems. 

Transport from soil to water, sediment, atmosphere, or biota Solution in rainwater... 

Surbeck, H., Medici, F., 1990. Rn-22 transport from soil to karst caves by percolating water. Mem. 22nd Congress lAH, Lausanne, pp. 348-355. 

Nitrogen is exported from wetland systems via ammonia volatilization under alkaline conditions, where unionized ammonia in its gaseous form can be transported from soil and water column to the atmosphere. Another gaseous loss of nitrogen includes nitrous oxide and nitrogen produced during denitrification and emitted into the atmosphere. 

Approximately 90% of the methane transport from soils to the atmosphere in rice paddies and freshwater marshes is through aerenchyma portion of roots and stems of the plants. Gases are transported according to their concentration gradient, not only for CH4 but also for N2O (Yu et al.,... 

Movement of herbicides in the vapor phase can be important for transport from soil to plant (Section 9.3.2), and also some compounds transported to leaves from roots via the xylem may be then lost from leaves by volatilization. Worthing and Ashton and Crafts give the vapor pressures for most herbicides. 

Nazaroff, W. W., S. R. Lewis, S. M. Doyle, B. A. Moed, and A. V. Nero. 1987. Experiments on pollutant transport from soil into residential basements by pressure-driven airflow. Environmental Science and Technology 21 459 66. 

In general, the model predicted that polar, nonvolatile compounds will be most effectively transported from soil to fruits, while lipophilic compounds will preferably accumulate from air into fruits. The model results also showed reasonable agreement to experimental data generated from a greenhouse study using " C-labeled TCE and sulfolane (Chard et al., 2006). 

Dust Resuspension and Chemical Mass Transport from Soil to the Atmosphere... 

---