Transitional Low Emission Vehicle

TLEV = transition low-emission vehicle LEV = low-emission vehicle ULEV = ultralow-emission vehicle. 

California Air Resources Board, Establishment of Corrections to Reactivity Adjustment Factors for Transitional Low-Emission Vehicles and Low-Emission Vehicles Operating on Phase 2 Refor-... 

McNair, L. A., A. G. Russell, M. T. Odnian, B. E. Croes, and L. Kao, Airshed Model Evaluation of Reactivity Adjustment Factors Calculated with the Maximum Incremental Reactivity Scale for Transitional-Low Emission Vehicles, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 44, 900-907 (1994). 

TLEV Transitional Low Emission Vehicle—the least-stringent California vehicle emission standard for combustion vehicles. 

TLEV transitional low emission vehicle LEV low emission vehicle ULEV ultralow emission vehicle ZEV zero emission vehicle. 

In 1989, CARB formulated a set of increasingly stringent standards for low-emission automobiles, thereby creating several new classes of vehicles transitional low-emission vehicles (TLEV), low-emission vehicles (LEV), ultralow-emission vehicles (ULEV), and zero-emission vehicles (ZEV). Sales of these vehicles are required to be phased in over the next 10 years so that an increasing fraction of California automobiles will be low-emission vehicles. Other states have the freedom to adopt the "California rules" in their entirety, and so far New... 

Non methane hydrocarbons. Californian regulations have generally been stricter than in the rest of the US and limits have been introduced on transitional low emission vehicles (TLEV-1994) low emission vehicles (LEV-1997) ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEV-1997) and zero emission vehi-... 

Unfortunately, consumers are reluctant to accept obvious trade-offs even when the private system can justify investments in AFVs and alternative fuel refueling infrastructure. Most vehicle consumers want it all. They want a low emissions vehicle, but insist that it be powerful as well. They want their large, heavy vehicle to be fuel efficient. They won t give up trunk space for a large gaseous fuel tank. They don t want to refuel on the opposite side of town, or even the opposite side of the street, even if that s where the alternative fuel is located. They want the reduced emissions and low noise of alternative fuel transit buses, but they also want low fares. 

LEV stands for low emission vehicle, T for transitional, U for ultra, S for super, and P for partial, and Z for zero. NMOG is nonmethane organics. A partial zero-level emission vehicle (PZEV) is a SULEV with evaporative emission controls (HC emissions from a nonoperating vehicle)... 

R. D. King, R. A. Koegl, L. Salasoo, K.B. Haefner, and A. Htmulton, Heavy Duty (225 kW) Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System for Low-Emission Transit Buses—Performance, Emissions, and Fuel Economy Tests, Proc. 14th Int. Electric Vehicle Symp., Orlando, Ela., published by EVAA, Dec., 1997. 

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