Training of operators

Fairs [79] used a projection microscope for training purposes. This technique can also be used for size analysis [80] but is not recommended for particles smaller than 2 pm. Hamilton et. al. [81 c/7.82] demonstrated the need to train operators and showed that gross count differences on the same samples at different laboratories were much reduced after interlaboratory checks. 

Nathan et. al. [83] compared three commonly used microscopic measurement techniques and confirmed oversizing by untrained operators. They suggested that unskilled operators produced the best results with a line graticule and that experienced operators perform best with an image splitting device. 

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Vsci training Training of operating and maintenance people Lectures... 

Experience /training of operators score (score 8, ideal value 9)... 

As a basis for the determination of risk it must be assumed that the colorants are properly handled and applied. It is not appropriate to estimate risk primarily on the basis of exposure values obtained under improper working conditions, or where appropriate plant and equipment are not available. Ensuring satisfactory operating conditions and training of operatives to handle products correctly is essential nowadays for technological success as well as for health and safety requirements. In this way, exposure levels can be kept below the threshold of unacceptable risk. It is reasonable to accept that for practical purposes levels of exposure exist below which the risk becomes trivial [67]. 

One important aspect of pilot plant operations relating to the successful operation of a commercial process is the training of operators, supervisors, and analytical personnel. Expertise and knowledge gained can mean several months saved in getting the plant operation to optimum production. 

Operation, maintenance and calibration procedures Before commencing performance qualification, authorized procedures must be in place for routine use of the facility or operation, training of operators, routine calibration and maintenance, notification and recording of problems, and for the definition of actions to be taken in the event of breakdown. 

User (training of operators, total 10 man-days/year) 3,000... 

Regular training of operators in regard to safety and operation. 

Process validation is usually performed before commercialization (Prospective Validation). Exceptionally, it may be necessary to validate processes during routine production (Concurrent or Simultaneous Validation). Processes already in use can also be validated (Retrospective Validation). To validate a process, a previous validation of facilities, systems, equipment, and analytical methods (ICH, 1996a), as well as previous training of operators (WHO, 1996 EC, 2001), are required. 

E655 Manner, G., Rubi, K. and Gabl, F. (1990). Evaluation of the training of operators in laboratory testing near the patient. Clin. Chem. 36, 1008, Abstr. 264. 

R124 Rohac, M., Thalhammer, J., Gabl, F. and Bayer, P.M. (1988). Impact of intensified training of operators on the determination of cholesterol on Reflotron in the doctor s office. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 26, 39-4. ... 

Training of operators for the systems and equipment should be provided, and training records maintained. 

As part of the method transfer, training of operators can be crucial and hence options for this should be discussed early on. Such training could be triggered if the transfer of the method does not go smoothly. Depending on the situation, it may be desirable to initiate training of the operators at the start of the project. It is feasible that certain method steps are more sensitive to operator manipulation, like plate washing, sample treatment, and sample dilution steps. 

The company system for routine training of operators involved in the manufacturing process. 

Qualification and training of operators It may normally be assumed that the staff of complex technical installations is carefully selected and hence has a sufficient qualification. 

Training of operators should take the form of initial training in basic hazards on-the-job training ... 

Selection and training of operations personnel 5.5 Set of planned measures aimed at the protection of personnel and the public in the event of accidents and during accident management... 

As mentioned by Swain and Guttmann (1983), human reliability is the probability of the successful conclusion of a procedure or task by the operator or team in any stage of the system operation, considering the minimal necessary time (when the time dimension is relevant). Human reliability analysis (HRA) evaluates human actions in a system, considering the factors which contribute to his performance, and it commonly shows incompatibilities among human limitations and the conditions imposed by work. Some of these factors are related to time restrictions, excessive workloads, inadequate training of operators, inadequate procedures, task complexity, and so on. 

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