Training aids

Besides large-diameter pipes, ultrasonic testing is used for checking the welded joints of drill bits, components of wind-driven electric plants, welded joints of light alloys and non-metallic materials, for an integrated inspection of various objects. A range of training aids developed at the Institute allows the operators to be trained effectively. 

Animated training aid and simulation program for water and wastewater treatment plant operators. 

The use of personnel not mentioned in the plan appears to he commonplace. Field personnel can change on some projects. The plan should contain some guidance on qualifications on personnel and should he used as a training aid for the replacement personnel. It would he advisable to immediately reissue the plan to include the current personnel roster, hut as OSHA has discovered, this is sometimes not done as quickly as one might hope. The authors believe that the situation mentioned above can likely be found on many sites even today. 

SOPs should be developed as work progresses. Plan as we may, field adjustments are a part of life at most sites. As these situations unfold, JSAs, JHSa, and SOPs must be reviewed, redeveloped, adjusted, or developed. These items should become part of the SSHAP and reviewed with workers on an ongoing basis. We recommend that JHAs or their equivalents be used as a training aid to new site hires or for workers who get transferred into a different work area. These JHAs should be reviewed on a regular basis to ensure accuracy and applicability. 

The top floor operators are usually highly skilled and experienced in many of the steps within the process. Therefore, a checklist may suffice as a job aid. However, new staff members may be sent to the top floor as part of their job-rotation scheme and a step-by-step procedure may be of benefit to them. Detailed procedures can be used either as job aids or as training aids. It is worthwhile, therefore, to develop both a checklist and a step-by-step procedure for the top floor job. 

Guide to Inspections of Bulk Pharmaceutical Chemicals , 1991, Reference Materials and Training Aids for Investigators, FDA/NAPM, September. 

Biotechnology Inspection Guide Reference Materials and Training Aids—1991... 

Food and Drug Administration. Biotechnology Inspection Guide Reference Materials and Training Aids, FDA, Rockville, MD, 2006. 

R.J. Harper, J.R. AhniraU and K.G. Furton, Identification of dominant odor chemicals emanating from explosives for use in developing optimal training aid combinations and mimics for canine detection , Talanta 67 (2005) 313—327. 

KJ. Gamer, K.E. MuUins and L.P. Waggoner, Canine Generahzation Across Variants and Quantities of Explosives, Contamination of Training Aids and Chemical Agent Detection ,... 

The educational role fulfilled by active participation in EQA is demonstrable. Redistribution of the same sample following a gap of several years indicated a detection rate that improved by 20% for mevalonic aciduria, L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, Canavan disease, 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria and long-chain hyroxy-acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency [6]. These results probably reflect the fact that many participants encounter rarer conditions for the first time as a member of an EQA scheme. Stored residual samples from such EQA schemes and unlabelled chromatograms can also be used as a valuable training aid or even a competency test for analysts. 

The difficulty in choosing an optimal number of training aids lies in the multiple explosives within each category and is then confounded by the wealth of explosive products that employ various combinations of the explosives. One of the most important decisions a canine trainer has to make is in choosing which explosives to use as odor... 

DMNB was determined not to be an odorant by the majority of the canine population tested. On three separate field trials, there was not one alert to the DMNB source involving different canine teams and different amounts of DMNB ranging from 100 xg to 5 mg. Although this was not observed to be an odorant, it is recommended that DMNB be included in a training aid selection because of its sole application in the tagging of low-vapor-pressure explosives. 

The focus of this chapter has been on commercial and military explosives, but the detection of improvised devices must also be considered. Peroxide explosives such as TATP and HMTD should also be incorporated into training protocols. Owing to the instability of peroxide explosives, extraordinary care must be taken in handling these explosives. It has been demonstrated that inert materials, such as stainless steel bars, can be stored with peroxide explosives and later removed and used as safe training materials [42], Additional research is needed to determine the odor mimics that might contain peroxide by-products which can be used as effective training aids free from the hazards of having to prepare and maintain peroxide explosives. 

J.A. Given, Controlled Substance Training Aids for DoD, 3rd National Detector Dog Conference, North Miami Beach, Miami, FL, 2003. 

BLEVE - boiling liquid expansion vapor explosion. The National Fire Protection Association, 470 Atlantic Ave., Boston, MA 02210, has comprehensive literature and training aids on this subject and related problems in handling of hazardous cargoes. 

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