Trace electrothermal vaporization inductively

Hauptkorn S., Krivan V., Gercken B. and Pavel J. (1997) Determination of trace impurities in high-purity quartz by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using the slurry sampling technique, J Anal At Spectrom 12 421-428. 

Sun, Y.-C., Ko, C.-J. (2006) Combining electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with in situ TMAH thermochemolysis for the direct determination of trace impurities in a polymer-based photoresist. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 21, 311-316. 

Aramendia, M., Resano, M., Vanhaecke, F. (2009) Determination of toxic trace impurities in titanium dioxide by solid sampling-electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry./. A a/. Af. Spectrom., 24,41-50. 

Hughes, D. M., Gregoire, D. C., Naka, H., and Chakrabarti, C. L. (1998). Determination of trace amounts of phosphorus in high purity iron by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim.Acta, Part B 53(6-8), 1079. 

Luedke, C., Hoffinann,E.,Skole,J., and Kriews, M. (1999). Determination of trace metals in size fractionated particles firom arctic air by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 14(11), 1685. 

Cai, B., Hu, B., aud Jiang, Z. C. (2000) Direct determination of trace rare earth elements in high purity Y2O3 usiug fluorination assisted electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with slurry sampling. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., Ml, 259 3. 

A. Alimonti, F. Petmcci, C. Dominici, S. Caroli, Determination of Pt in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) with electrothermal vaporization (ETV), J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis., 1 (1987), 79D83. 

Santosa, S. J.,Tanaka, S., and Yamanaka, K. (1997). Sequential determination of trace metak in sea water by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after electrothermal vaporization of their dithiocarmabamate complexes in methyl isobutyl ketone. Environ. Moni. /Issess. 44(1-3), 515. 

Spectrometric techniques based on atomic absorption or the emission of radiation flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and cold vapor (CV)/hydride generation (HG), mainly for trace and ultratrace metal determinations. 

Several types of plasmas have been considered for vaporizing the solution, but by far the most widely used is the inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Elements that are only partially dissociated in the flame are usually completely dissociated by the higher temperatures achieved by ICP. In addition, a valuable feature of ICP is the capability for simultaneous analysis of several elements. Vaporization in a graphite furnace (furnace AA or electrothermal AA) provides better detection limits than flame AA or ICP in the analysis of trace elements but the analysis is slow. Commonly, it is used only when flame AA or ICP provides inadequate... 

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