Toxicology titanium dioxide

Toxicology. Titanium dioxide is a mild pulmonary irritant and is generally regarded as a nuisance dust. 

Bermudez, E., Mangum, J.B., Wong, B.A., Asgharian, B., Hext, P.M., Warheit, D.B., and Everitt, J.I. (2004) Pulmonary responses of mice, rats, and hamsters to subchronic inhalation of ultrafine titanium dioxide partides. Toxicological Sciences, 77 (2), 347-357. 

The conduct of the cement manufacturers in the case of chromium cements is one such case, as is the continuing resistance of mineral wool manufacturers to the introduction of the criteria biopersistence or biosolubility for a toxicological evaluation of mineral wools. One further example can be found in the case study examined in the course of the COIN project. In this example, the joint insistence of the three German manufacturers of titanium dioxide on the dumping of dilute acid in the North Sea in the early 1980s was ended by the unexpectedly speedy movement of one manufacturer . 

Bernard BK, Osheroff MR, Hofmann A, et al Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of dietary titanium dioxide-coated mica in male and female Fischer 344 rats. J Toxicol Environ Health 29 417M-29, 1990... 

Generally, titanium dioxide is considered physiologically inert by all routes however, if relatively high concentrations of titanium dioxide dusts are inhaled, toxicological actions are noted. A weak fibrosis of the lung tissue occurs but is not fatal. 

HSDB, Titanium tetrachloride and titanium dioxide. Hazardous substances Data Bank, National Library of Medicine, National Toxicology Information Program, Bethesda, MD, 1995. 

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has initiated efforts to examine a select representation of nanostructures - carbon nanotubes, fuUerenes, nanostructured titanium dioxide (1102), and zinc oxide (ZnO) particles used in sunscreens and bactericides, and quantum dots. 

Gamer, A.O., Leibold, E., van Ravenzwaay, B., 2006. The in vitro absorption of microfine zinc oxide and titanium dioxide through porcine skin,. Toxicology in Vitro 20 (3), 301-307. 

S. Hussain, S. Boland, A. Baeza-Squiban, et al.. Oxidative stress and proinflammatory effects of carbon black and titanium dioxide nanoparticles role of particle surface area and internalized amount. Toxicology 260 (1-3) (2009) 142-149. 

Duan Y, Liu J, Ma L et al (2010) Toxicological characteristics of nanoparticulate anatase titanium dioxide in mice. Biomaterials 31(5) 894-899 Duncan TV (201 la) Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety barrier materials, antimicrobials and sensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 363(1) 1-24 Duncan TV (201 lb) The communication challenges presented by nanofoods. Nat Nanotechnol 6(ll) 683-688... 

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