Toxicodendron dermatitis

Grevelink SA, Murrell DF, Olsen EA (1992) Effectiveness of 60. various barrier preparations in preventing and/or ameliorating experimentally produced Toxicodendron dermatitis. J... 

Contact reactions to plants in farm workers cover a wide spectrum. Reactions occur to poison ivy, oak and sumac [145] which are often not reported. Exposure can occur when clearing fence rows and sometimes when handling domestic animals. These plants are not usually found with the crops, where herbicides are used for weed control, but are more often seen on fence rows. Sometimes contaminated hair of farm animals is the source. The details of Toxicodendron dermatitis were given in the previous section. 

In the United States the greatest risk in lawn-care workers is probably Toxicodendron dermatitis. A unique form of contact dermatitis may be seen in persons cutting weeds with a power string trimmer [126, 314]. This instrument, often called a weed eater, is capable of throwing the allergen out of the cut plant by centrifugal force so it can cause both phytodermatitis and phytophotodermatitis. 

Guin JD, Beaman JH (1981) Toxicodendrons and Toxicodendron dermatitis. Continuing Educ Fam Physician 14 23-32... 

The effects of poison ivy constitute a type of allergic contact dermatitis with which people who spend time camping and in other outdoor pursuits may have an unfortunate familiarity. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac contain toxicodendron, in which the active antigen is pentadecyl-catechol ... 

PoweU SM, Barrett DK. An outbreak of contact dermatitis from Rhus vemiciflua (Toxicodendron vernicifluum). Contact Dermatitis 1986 14(5) 288-9. 

SasseviUe D, Nguyen KH. Allergic contact dermatitis from Rhus toxicodendron in a phytotherapeutic preparation. Contact Dermatitis 1995 32(3) 182-3. 

CardinaU C, Francalanci S, Giomi B, Caproni M, Sertoli A, Fabbri P. Contact dermatitis from Rhus toxicodendron in a homeopathic remedy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004 50(1) 150-1. 

Oh SH, Haw CR, Lee MH. Clinical and immunologic features of systemic contact dermatitis from ingestion of Rhus (Toxicodendron). Contact Dermatitis 2003 48(5) 251. ... 

Poison Oak. Western poison oak. Toxicodendron diversilobum (T. G.) Greene, Anacardiaceae. Similar to poison ivy in that it has three leaflets, grows as a shrub or vine and produces dermatitis in man. Interbreeds with poison ivy. Habit. Western North America from southern British Columbia to northern Baja California. Constit. Poisons presumably closely related if not identical to those in poison ivy. 

Oakleaf ivy Toxicodendron spp 3 Urushiol oleoresin contact dermatitis... 

Ginkgo leaf contains ginkgolic acids (urushiol type alkylphenols), compounds that are related to those found in poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans) and associated with contact allergies, especially dermatitis. Ginkgolic acids are found in relatively high concentrations in ginkgo seed coats and in low concentrations in the leaf (Blumenthal 1997). 

Machaerium scleroxylon) in a hobbyist handling the wood. Plants reported to cause erythema multiformelike eruption include poison ivy (Toxicodendron) (Schwartz and Downham 1981 Mallory et al. 1982), primula Primula obconica) (Hjorth 1966) and mug-wort (Artemesia vulgaris) (Kurz and Rapaport 1979). Mallory et al. (1982) reported urticarial eruptions with black deposits on the skin of four patients with Toxidocendron radicans dermatitis. Urticaria, erythema multiforme-like eruptions, in a patient from Rhus dermatitis was reported by Schwartz and Down-ham (1981). They recommended that patients with such reactions should be screened for systemic involvement as previous reports have shown that nephritis can be an associated feature (Meneghini and AngeUni 1981 Fisher 1986). 

Mallory SB, Miller OF, Tyler WB (1982) Toxicodendron radicans dermatitis with black lacquer deposit on the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 6 363-368... 

Black lacquer-like deposit on the skin in patients with Toxicodendron radicans dermatitis has been described. Histologically, the deposit material was identified in the stratum corneum (Mallory et al. 1982). These black spots were also mentioned by McNair (1923) to occur in two gardeners who let fresh sap fall on their hands. Table 4 contains an expanded list of chemicals that cause skin discoloration and staining. 

McNair JB (1923) Rhus dermatitis from Rhus toxicodendron radicans and diversibola (poison ivy). Its pathology and chemotherapy. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 56-71... 

Rademaker M, DuffiU MB (1995) Toxicodendron succeda-neum Rhus tree). New Zealand s poison ivy. Contact Dermatitis 33-357-358... 

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