Toxicodendron

As is true in the case of other phenolic lipids, urushiol is also a mixture of components varying mostly in the degree of unsaturation. Thus, the urushiol from Rhus vernicefera has structures shown in Fig. 6 [139]. Rhus toxicodendron is also known to give urushiol, but its... 

Rhus toxicodendron Poison oak Urusiol North America... 

Urushiol Rhus vernicefera, Rhus toxicodendron 0-orsellinic acid Chaetomium-cochliodes... 

Allergenic plants causing skin eruption by contact include poison ivy (Rhus radicans L.), poison oak (Rhus toxicodendron L.), poison sumac (Rhus vernix L.), and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.). In the United States, poison ivy and poison oak cause nearly 2 million cases of skin poisoning and skin irritation annually, for a loss of 333,000 working days. In addition, these weeds cause 3.7 million days of restricted activity among those people who are susceptible to the toxins (1). 

N.A. Rhus radicans L. R. glabra L. R. toxicodendron L. Toxicodendrol, urushiol, 3-n-pentadecylcatechol.102 Sympathetic stimulant, restore nerve function, facial neuritis, ulcerated sores on the bps, mouth, and nasal membrane. 

Plants constitute more than 60% of homeopathic remedies. Different parts of plants such as roots, barks, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds are used in homeopathic medicine. Roots of annual herbs are taken out when they yield ripe fruits. In case of perennial plants roots should be lifted in the spring in the 2nd or 3rd year. Examples are Ipecacuanna and Bryonia (Cook, 1988). Fully grown and uninfected leaves are collected after sunset before the flowering season. Examples are Rhus toxicodendron and Ocimum sanctum. Flowers are collected when they begin to open. Cina serves as an example. Here the flowering tops of the plant Artemisia sp. are used. Barks are collected from young plants. Cinchona serves as an example. 

Poison oak Rhus toxicodendron or Toxicodendron toxicaria Anacardiaceae) is nearly always found as a low-growing shrub, and has lobed leaflets similar to those of oak. It is also common throughout North America. There appears considerable confusion over nomenclature, and Rhus radicans may also be termed poison oak, and R. toxicodendron oakleaf poison ivy. Poison oak contains similar urushiol structures in its sap as poison ivy, though heptadecylcatechols (i.e. C17 side-chains) predominate over pentadecylcatechols (C15 side-chains). 

The effects of poison ivy constitute a type of allergic contact dermatitis with which people who spend time camping and in other outdoor pursuits may have an unfortunate familiarity. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac contain toxicodendron, in which the active antigen is pentadecyl-catechol ... 

Japan wax is actually more of a stiff vegetable oil. It is extracted from the fruit and seeds of various Asian species of Rhus and Toxicodendron. This substance is inexpensive and extensively used in lotions, cosmetics, and to make candles, even though it oxidizes readily and turns rancid as it ages. 

Urushiol Rhus toxicodendron, loxicodendron COX, LOX [causes allergic... 

Schinus (pepper tree) Schinopsis (schinopsis) Sclerocarya (sclerocarya) Semecarpus (semecarpus) Spondias (mombin) Toxicodendron (poison oak)... 

PoweU SM, Barrett DK. An outbreak of contact dermatitis from Rhus vemiciflua (Toxicodendron vernicifluum). Contact Dermatitis 1986 14(5) 288-9. 

SasseviUe D, Nguyen KH. Allergic contact dermatitis from Rhus toxicodendron in a phytotherapeutic preparation. Contact Dermatitis 1995 32(3) 182-3. 

CardinaU C, Francalanci S, Giomi B, Caproni M, Sertoli A, Fabbri P. Contact dermatitis from Rhus toxicodendron in a homeopathic remedy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004 50(1) 150-1. 

Oh SH, Haw CR, Lee MH. Clinical and immunologic features of systemic contact dermatitis from ingestion of Rhus (Toxicodendron). Contact Dermatitis 2003 48(5) 251. ... 

Rhus Toxicodendron Fresh leaflets Rhus toxicodendron United States ... 

Toxicodendron. Poison oak. Rhus toxicodendpon. W. I. 1481. Folia. The leaves. 

The Wittig reaction approach provides an alternative route to the synthesis of the unsaturated phenolic lipids in urushiol in Rhus vernicifera, which contains three C15 isomeric trienes, the major constituent the semi-conjugated Fig (3)-4, 8(Z),11(E),13(Z), (55.4%), the trace corresponding 13(E) isomer (1.7%) and the non-conjugated Fig (3)-5, 8(Z), 11(E), 14 (7.4%) which is also the chief component in urushiol from Rhus toxicodendron. Scheme 1 shows the routes to the first and last constituents [230-233]. 

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