Toxicodendron radicans

Ginkgo leaf contains ginkgolic acids (urushiol type alkylphenols), compounds that are related to those found in poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans) and associated with contact allergies, especially dermatitis. Ginkgolic acids are found in relatively high concentrations in ginkgo seed coats and in low concentrations in the leaf (Blumenthal 1997). 

Mallory SB, Miller OF, Tyler WB (1982) Toxicodendron radicans dermatitis with black lacquer deposit on the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 6 363-368... 

Black lacquer-like deposit on the skin in patients with Toxicodendron radicans dermatitis has been described. Histologically, the deposit material was identified in the stratum corneum (Mallory et al. 1982). These black spots were also mentioned by McNair (1923) to occur in two gardeners who let fresh sap fall on their hands. Table 4 contains an expanded list of chemicals that cause skin discoloration and staining. 

McNair JB (1923) Rhus dermatitis from Rhus toxicodendron radicans and diversibola (poison ivy). Its pathology and chemotherapy. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 56-71... 

Pentadecylcatechol is the main allergen of the Ana-cardiaceae poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans) and of poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobay Rhus diversi-loba). 

Main constituent of the allergenic oil of poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans)y poison oak (T. diversilobum) Asiatic lacquer tree (T. verniciferum D.C.) and other plants of the genera Toxicodendron and Anacardiaceae. A mixture of several compounds which are derivatives of catechol Uses in Japanese lacquer... 

ElSohly M A, Craig J C, Waller C W, Tbrner C E 1978 Biflavonoids from fruits of poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans. Phytochemistry 17 2140-2141... 

Allergenic plants causing skin eruption by contact include poison ivy (Rhus radicans L.), poison oak (Rhus toxicodendron L.), poison sumac (Rhus vernix L.), and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.). In the United States, poison ivy and poison oak cause nearly 2 million cases of skin poisoning and skin irritation annually, for a loss of 333,000 working days. In addition, these weeds cause 3.7 million days of restricted activity among those people who are susceptible to the toxins (1). 

N.A. Rhus radicans L. R. glabra L. R. toxicodendron L. Toxicodendrol, urushiol, 3-n-pentadecylcatechol.102 Sympathetic stimulant, restore nerve function, facial neuritis, ulcerated sores on the bps, mouth, and nasal membrane. 

Poison oak Rhus toxicodendron or Toxicodendron toxicaria Anacardiaceae) is nearly always found as a low-growing shrub, and has lobed leaflets similar to those of oak. It is also common throughout North America. There appears considerable confusion over nomenclature, and Rhus radicans may also be termed poison oak, and R. toxicodendron oakleaf poison ivy. Poison oak contains similar urushiol structures in its sap as poison ivy, though heptadecylcatechols (i.e. C17 side-chains) predominate over pentadecylcatechols (C15 side-chains). 

Machaerium scleroxylon) in a hobbyist handling the wood. Plants reported to cause erythema multiformelike eruption include poison ivy (Toxicodendron) (Schwartz and Downham 1981 Mallory et al. 1982), primula Primula obconica) (Hjorth 1966) and mug-wort (Artemesia vulgaris) (Kurz and Rapaport 1979). Mallory et al. (1982) reported urticarial eruptions with black deposits on the skin of four patients with Toxidocendron radicans dermatitis. Urticaria, erythema multiforme-like eruptions, in a patient from Rhus dermatitis was reported by Schwartz and Down-ham (1981). They recommended that patients with such reactions should be screened for systemic involvement as previous reports have shown that nephritis can be an associated feature (Meneghini and AngeUni 1981 Fisher 1986). 

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