Toxicity testing with fish

ASTM Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests With Fish, Annual Book of ASTM Standards American Society for Testing of Materials Philadelphia, USA, 1991 Vol. 11.04, 857-882. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms. 1975. Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians. 

Denmark Industrial effluents discharged directly to receiving waters have to be tested for toxicity within the framework of discharge consents. The applied toxicity assays conform with international recommendations, that is - Algal growth inhibition test - Acute toxicity test with Daphnia - Acute toxicity test with fish... 

Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians... 

ASTM E 729-88a. 1993. Standard guide for conducting acute toxicity tests with fishes, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. 

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (1992a) Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes, E1241-1292. ASTM, Philadelphia. 

Hunn, J.B. (1989) History of acute toxicity tests with fish 1863-1987. Investigations in fish control (Internal Report), US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 

USEPA (1975) Methods for Acute Toxicity Testing with Fish, Macro-invertebrates and Amphibians, EPA-660/3-75-009. US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. 

Survival, growth, behavioural and physiological changes are used as quantifiable effects in toxicity tests with fish in the laboratory. Acute toxicity is generally described in terms of the LC50 (LC lethal concentration) - that is, the level of the toxicant (mg/1) that is lethal for 50% of the individuals within a defined exposure period, regardless of how mortality is evoked. 

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