Toxicity testing reproduction

See also Endocrine System Reproductive System, Femaie Reproductive System, Maie Toxicity Testing, Reproductive. 

See also Androgens Diethylstilbestrol Environmental Hormone Disruptors Radiation Toxicology, Ionizing and Nonionizing Reproductive System, Female Reproductive System, Male Toxicity Testing, Reproductive. 

See also Developmental Toxicology Toxicity Testing, Reproductive. 

See also Androgens Carcinogen-DNA Adduct Formation and DNA Repair Chromosome Aberrations Deveiop-mentai Toxicoiogy Dose-Response Reiationship Endocrine System Epidemioiogy Reproductive System, Maie Risk Assessment, Human Heaith Sister Chromatid Exchanges Toxicity Testing, Deveiopmentai Toxicity Testing, Reproductive. 

Toxicity Testing, Reproductive, Pages 299-309, Rochelle W. Tyl SummaryPlus Full Text + Links PDF (294 K)... 

Ecotoxicological Prolonged fish toxicity (including reproduction) Avian acute/subacute toxicity Accumulation, degradation and mobility tests... 

Data for PCP and terrestrial wildlife are incomplete and — in view of the large interspecies variations in sensitivity — need to be collected. Research is needed on reproductive effects in animals following inhalation exposure to PCP additional acute and intermediate toxicity testing chronic duration exposure studies on cancer induction, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity and the development of alternate biomarkers of PCP exposure and antidotes (WHO 1987 USPHS 1994). Until the results of these studies become available, it seems reasonable to apply to wildlife the same levels recommended for human health protection. 

The acute toxicity of emorfazone was found to be equal to or less than that of aminopyrine depending on animal models used [45]. From chronic toxicity tests [46,47], safe doses of 30 mg/kg per day (rats) or 120 mg/kg per day (dogs) were deduced. In rats, no significant effects of (3) on the reproductive activity or newborn development were observed [48-50], nor were adverse effects on the embryos found when (3) was given to rabbits, rats or mice during the period... 

The majority of very high concern substances will be those classified as category 1 or 2 CMRs. There are already around 850 such CMR substances based on current classifications, and it is likely that there will be another ca 500 identified from future testing. Most endocrine disrupters would require authorisation by being classified as carcinogenic or toxic for reproduction, but there is the option to add other endocrine disruptors on an ad hoc basis. 

This chapter briefly describes the current standard study designs and then focuses on current issues in developmental and reproductive toxicity testing. 

---