Toxicity of smoke

H. K. Hasegawa, Characterisation and Toxicity of Smoke, Pubhcation STP 1082, American Association for Testing and Matedals, Philadelphia, Pa., 1990. 

HARTZELL ET AL. Toxicity of Smoke Containing Hydrogen Chloride... 

Hartzell, G.E. Grand, A.F. Switzer, W.G. "Modeling of Toxicological Effects of Fire Gases VI. Further Studies on the Toxicity of Smoke Containing Hydrogen Chloride," J. Fire Sciences 1987, 5(6), 368-391. 

Categories of toxicity are classically distinguished by differences in orders of magnitude. The toxic potency of the smoke of most common materials is very similar, and thus, the toxicity of smoke is usually governed simply by the amount of material burnt per unit time. 

Tewarson, A., "Generation of Smoke from Electrical Cables," International Symposium on Characterization and Toxicity of Smoke, American Society of Testing and Materials, Philadelphia,... 

Karlsson N, Cassel G, Fangmark I, et al. 1986. A comparative study of the acute inhalation toxicity of smoke from Ti02-hexaehloroethane and Zn-hexachloroethane pyrotechnic mixtures. Arch Toxicol 59 160-166. 

Norris, J.C., Investigation of the dual LC50 values in woods using the University of Pittsburgh combustion toxicity apparatus, in Characterization and Toxicity of Smoke, Ed. H.J. Hasegawa, ASTM STP 1082, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 57-71, 1990. 

Potts WJ, Lederer TS, Quast JF. 1978. A study of the inhalation toxicity of smoke produced upon pyrolysis and combustion of polyethylene foams. Part I. Laboratory studies. J Combust Toxicol 5 408- 433. 

An overall assessment of our data suggests that these ingredients, when added to the tobacco, do not add to the toxicity of smoke, even at the elevated levels used in this series of studies. 

Modelling of toxicological effects of fire gases. VI. Further studies on the toxicity of smoke-containing hydrogen chloride. J. Fire Sci. 5(6) 368-91. 

L. A. Prohammer, and D. R. Kalkwarf. 1986. Acute toxicity of smoke screen materials to aquatic organisms, white phosphorus-felt, red phosphorus-butyl rubber and SCG No. 2 for oil. Energy Res. Abstr. 77(15), Abstr. No. 34982 cited in Chem. Abstr. CA 106(19) 150923Z. 

Go to www.YouTube.com and find a video about fire monitors, foam used in fire fighting, or the toxicity of smoke. Write a one page report about wbat you discovered. 

Research the Internet and find a PowerPoint presentation about fire detection systems or the toxicity of smoke. Download the presentation to a flash drive or CD and bring it to class to be presented by yourself or the instructor. Cite your sources. 

The toxicity of smoke and combustion gases has been comprehensively studied in many countries and is discussed later in this Chapter. 

In the 1980s and 1990s, considerable work was done at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) to establish the extent to which the toxicity of a material s combustion products could be explained and predicted by the interaction of the major toxic gases. TTus work led to the development of the N-Gas models [4—6]. The underlying hypothesis is that the toxicity of smoke in a fire is due to a small number "N of constituent gases. 

Hartzell, G.E. et al. (1990) Toxicity of smoke containing hydrogen chloride,... 

Toxicity of smoke is measured by analytical or biological methods [133], and is defined as the action of some agents upon an unprotected individual, which impairs the vital... 

For this reason, attention is now being accorded to the notions of combustion time, heat released, and the opacity, corrosivity and toxicity of smoke. There are many ways to assess these risks but one of the most comprehensive methods is the one developed in the U.S. by A. Tewarson of Factory Mutual Research Corporation, which was the object of a proposal in lEC publication lOB, France 38, May 1984. In its present form, the method does not take account of the corrosivity or toxicity of smoke, but its scope could always be broadened to correct this. 

S. Lin, S. Fonteno, J.H. Weng, P. Talbot, Comparison of the toxicity of smoke from conventional and harm reduction cigarettes using human embryonic stem cells, Toxicol. Sci. 118(1) (2010) 202-212. 

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