Toxic organic compounds regulators

Few studies have been conducted to determine organic residues in spent foundry sand and leachates from disposal sites. It is reported that several organic compounds are present in the spent foundry sand but have concentrations below the regulated toxicity characteristic limits. Organic compounds of concern include benzoic acid, naphthalene, methylnaphthalenes, phenol, methylenebisphenol, diethylphenol, and 3-methylbutanoic acids.12 These compounds are thought to be derived from the decomposition of organic binders such as phenolic urethane, furan, and alkyd isocyanate. 

The second emission U.S. EPA regulates is PM. PM consists of small dust-like particles emitted from BIFs. Although the particles themselves may cause adverse health effects (e.g., increased asthma), they also provide a point of attachment for toxic metals and organic compounds. The particulates may become caught in the lungs or be absorbed into the environment. To minimize these adverse conditions, U.S. EPA set an emission limit of 180mg/dscm. BIFs that qualify for the low-risk waste exemption mentioned above, however, are not subject to the PM standard.5... 

Halogenated derivates brominated organic compounds are the most used, often in combination with antimony trioxide to develop a synergistic effect. However, this generates a lot of smoke and toxic fumes, which is unacceptable for many regulations and standards. 

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