Toxaphene mass spectrometry

Swackhammer, D.L., M.J. Charles, and R.A. Hites. 1987. Quantitation of toxaphene in environmental samples using negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 59 913-917. 

Struger et al. [128] confirmed trace amounts of toxaphene in snapping turtles from Hamilton Harbour in the Great Lakes using GC-mass spectrometry but did not present concentrations. 

Toxaphene Electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry then high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary gas chromatography [526]... 

Jansson, B., Wideqvist, U., 1983. Analysis of toxaphene (PCC) and chlordane in biological samples by NCI mass spectrometry. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 13, 309-322. 

Buser, H.-R. Muller, M.D., Isomer- and Enantiomer-selective analyses of toxaphene components using chiral high-resolution gas chromatography and detection by mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry Environ. Set Technol. 1994, 28, 119-128. 

Skopp, S. Oehme, M. Drenth, H., Study of the enantioselective elintination of four toxaphene congeners in rat after intravenous administration by high resolution gas chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry Chemosphere 2002, 46, 1083-1090. 

Structural information about toxaphene components can be obtained by gas chromatography coupled to electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS), positive ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/PICI-MS) or negative ion chemical ionization MS(GC/NICI-MS). Mass separation is performed by low resolution quadrupole or high resolution magnetic field instruments, by ion trap systems (GC/IT-MS), or by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) offering a broad spectrum of possibihties. 

Onuska FI, Maguire RJ (1997) Environmental applications of mass spectrometry toxaphene analysis. In Caprioli RM et al. (eds) Selected topics and mass spectrometry in the biomolecular sciences, pp 533-558... 

Brumley, W.C., C.M. Brownrigg, and A.H. Grange. 1993. Determination of toxaphene in soil by electron-capture negative ion mass spectrometry after fractionation by high-performance gel permeation chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 633 177-183. 

Zhu, J., M. J. Mulvihil R. J. Norstrom, 1994. Characterization oftechnical toxaphene using combined high-performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry techniques. J. Chromatogr. 669 103-117. 

In the last three decades, there has been considerable public concern about the presence of halogenated anthropogenic compounds in the environment because of their persistence, the bioaccumulation potential, and the health risks that they bring about [13]. Examples of members of this family of xenobiotics are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) and toxaphene. Polychlorinated biphenyls were described as ubiquitous, environmentally harmful substances more than 30 years ago [4j. In addition, the presence of PCBs and toxaphene in the environment has been extensively documented [5-7]. In contrast, litde attention has been paid to polychlorinated terphenyls, which are similar to PCBs in chemical characteristics and applications. In this chapter, we discuss different methods described in the literature for the analysis of PCTs and toxaphene using high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). 

High resolution mass spectrometry offers high selectivity for the analysis of PCTs and toxaphene congeners in environmental and biological samples and avoids the specific internal interferences and the effect of environmental matrices. Both HRGC El MS and HRGC-ECNTMS in the SIM mode can be used as... 

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