Total lactate dehydrogenase

Cardiovascular Effects. A 56-year-old female gardener, dermally exposed to spilled diazinon of unknown purity, developed sinus tachycardia with no evidence of infarction and showed increased cardiac enzyme (serum glutamate oxalate transaminase, total lactate dehydrogenase creatine phosphokinase) levels. The victim was diagnosed on discharge with acute left ventricular failure (Lee 1989). 

Several markers should no longer be used to evaluate cardiac disease, including aspartate aminotransferase, total CK, total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and LDH isoenzymes. Due to their wide tissue distribution, these markers have poor specificity for the detection of cardiac injury. Because total CK and CK-MB have served as standards for so many years, some laboratories may continue to measure them to allow for comparisons to cardiac troponin over time, before discontinuing use of CK and CK-MB. In addition, the use of total CK in developing countries may be the preferred or only alternative for financial reasons. However, it should be clear that, for monitoring ACS patients to assist in clinical classification, cardiac troponin is the preferred biomarker. 

Gay, R. J. McComb, R. B. and Bowers, G. N. Optimum reaction conditions for human lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes as they affect total lactate dehyrogenase activity. Clin. Chem. (1968), U, 740-753. 

Liver function, including AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total and conjugated bilirubin a comprehensive metabolic panel can be ordered (i.e., sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, calcium, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and total bilirubin), but phosphorus, magnesium, and fractionated... 

Figure 5. Pulmonary inflammatory response to chronic diesel exhaust exposure as measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The total amount or activity of material removed from the lung has been normalized to the weight of control lungs. Inflammatory response is indicated by influx of neutrophils (PMN). Cytotoxicity is indicated by extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). (Continued on next page.)...

Lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase. 

Using two types of specially synthesized rhodium-complexes (12a/12b), pyruvate is chemically hydrogenated to produce racemic lactate. Within the mixture, both a d- and L-specific lactate dehydrogenase (d-/l-LDH) are co-immobilized, which oxidize the lactate back to pyruvate while reducing NAD+ to NADH (Scheme 43.4). The reduced cofactor is then used by the producing enzyme (ADH from horse liver, HL-ADH), to reduce a ketone to an alcohol. Two examples have been examined. The first example is the reduction of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol, which proceeded to 100% conversion after 8 days, resulting in total TONs (TTNs) of 1500 for the Rh-complexes 12 and 50 for NAD. The second example concerns the reduction of ( )-2-norbornanone to 72% endo-norbor-nanol (38% ee) and 28% exo-norbornanol (>99% ee), which was also completed in 8 days, and resulted in the same TTNs as for the first case. 

Exposure of rats for 6 hours/day, 5 days/ week for 4 weeks to 15 ppm caused corneal lesions in some of the rats along with reductions in total serum protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and serum albumin. Rats exposed to... 

Biochemical data for his serum were as follows total bilirubin 99.2 pmol/L (normal is 3.4-20.5 pmol/L) conjugated bilirubin 15-4 pmol/L (normal is 0-6.8 pmol/L) alanine aminotransferase 125 U/L (normal is 0-40 U/L) and lactate dehydrogenase 570 U/L (normal is 120-250 U/L). 

FIGURE 3 Breakthrough and elution profile for total protein ( ) and L-lactate dehydrogenase activity (O) on an expanded-bed affinity column. (From Lali et al.20 with permission.)... 

Enzyme-catalyzed reactions do not always proceed to completion because of an unfavorable equilibrium constant or insufficient reaction time. Nevertheless, a compound can be determined by a total change method. The reaction may be pulled to completion by trapping the products or by coupling one of the products to a second enzyme reaction. In determining lactate with lactate dehydrogenase the equilibrium lies far to the left in the direction of lactate at pH 9.5 (K = 2.9 X 10"at 25 C). 

A 51-year-old woman taking zidovudine, lamivudine, indinavir, and simvastatin started to take ritonavir and after 1 week developed diffuse muscle weakness and body aches. Creatine kinase (total and the MB isozyme), lactate dehydrogenase, and transaminases were all raised. There were crystals and hemoglobin in the urine. 

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