Total Chemical Analysis Systems

N., WiDMER, H. M., p-TAS miniaturized total chemical analysis systems, in Proceedings of the Micro Total Analysis System Workshop, pp. 5-27 (Nov. 1994), Enschede, The Netherlands. 

A. Manz, D.J. Harrison, J.C. Verpoorte, H. Ludi, and H.M. Widmer, Integrated electroosmotic pumps and flow manifolds for total chemical analysis systems. Proceedings Transducers (San Francisco, USA) 939-941 (1991). 

Manz, A., Graber, N., and Widmer, H. M. (1990). Miniaturized total chemical analysis systems a novel concept for chemical sensing. Sens. Actuators B Chem. Bl, 244—248. 

As stated by Manz, the pTAS was envisioned as a new concept for chemical sensing, needed since sensors at that time were not providing the best results in terms of selectivity and lifetime. Initially, the main reason for miniaturisation was to enhance the analytical performance of the device rather than to reduce its size. However, it was also recognised that a small scale presented the advantage of a smaller consumption of sample and reagents. Moreover, the total chemical analysis system scheme could provide an integration of several laboratory procedures such as sample preparation, filtration, preconcentration,... 

TAS(1995) Miniaturized Total Chemical Analysis Systems, Kluwer, Amsterdam... 

Microfluidic concepts can be used to develop an integrated total chemical analysis system (TAS) [40], which include sample preparation, separation, and detection. The microminiaturization of a TAS onto a monolithic structure produces a //-TAS that resembles a small sensor. The first /(-TAS was a micro-gas chromatograph (GC) fabricated on a 5-in. silicon wafer in 1979 by a group at Stanford University [41]. Since then, developments in micromachining has led to the development of microsensors, microreactors,... 

Manz,A., Verpoorte, E., Raymond, D.E., Effenhauser, C.S., Burggraf, N., Widmer, H.M., pTAS-miniaturized total chemical analysis system. Micro Total Analysis Systems 94, Proceedings of the pTAS 94 Workshop, University of Twente, Netherlands, 21-22 Nov. 1994, 1995, 5-27. 

Dempsey, E., Diamond, D., Smyth, M.R., Urban, G., Jobst, G., Moser, I., Ver-poorte, E.M.J., Manz, A., Widmer, H.M., Rabenstein, K., Freaney, R., Design and development of a miniaturised total chemical analysis system for on-line lactate and glucose monitoring in biological samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 1997, 346, 341-349. 

Systems constructed for continuous monitoring of samples are termed total chemical analysis systems (TAS), or /r-TAS when in a miniaturized format. Both HPLC and CE have been manufactured on a chip. Research has been directed mainly toward the development of CE on a chip, however, because the experimental design of the CE technique is simple and resolution is dependent on the electric field strength rather than on the length of the capillary. 

E. Verpoorte, A. Manz, H. Lndi, A. E. Bruno, F. Maystre, B. Krattiger, H. M. Widmer, B. H. Vanderschoot, and N. F. Derooij, A Silicon Flow Cell for Optical-Detection in Miniaturized Total Chemical-Analysis Systems, Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 6, no. 1-3, pp. 66-70, Jan. 1992. 

A. Manz, N. Graber, and H.M. Widmer Miniaturized Total Chemical-Analysis Systems - a Novel Concept for Chemical Sensing. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical 1, 244-248 (1990). 

Verpoorte, E., Manz, A., Ludi, H., Bruno, A.E., Maystre, R, Krattiger, B., Widmer, H.M., Van-derschoot, B.H., and Derooij, N.R, A silicon flow cell for optical-detection in miniaturized total chemical-analysis systems, Sensors and Actuators B—Chemical, 6, 66-70, 1992. 

Dempsey, E., et al.. Design and development of a miniaturized total chemical analysis system for online lactate and glucose monitoring in biological samples. Ana/. Chim. Acta, 346, 341,1997. 

Manz A, Graber N, Widmer HM (1990) Mmiaturized total chemical analysis systems a novel cemcept for chemical sensors. Sens Actuators B 1 244—248... 

---