Topological heterogeneity

Moss, K., Flehn, A., Lu, Y., Bragin, A. and Skach, W.R., Coupled translocation events generate topological heterogeneity at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Mol Biol Cell 9 (1998) 2681-2697. 

Heterogeneity with respect to the molecular structure [20,21]. One may assume that topological heterogeneity is predetermined genetically by the microstructure of chains. 

T. Hayakawa and H. Yokoyama, Fabrication of self-organized chemically and topologically heterogeneous patterns on the surface of polystyrene-P-ohgothiophene block copolymer films, Langmuir, 21, 10288-10291 (2005). 

Contact-angle hysteresis measurements (performed with water) indicate, however, significant differences between PDMS samples, with an increase of hysteresis for PDMS B. Contact-angle hysteresis can be induced by a chemical or topological heterogeneity. However, the chemical composition of both PDMS samples is identical, and the surface roughness is low and also identical for both samples (close to... 

It may be safely assumed that each of these sets of receptor locations is structurally somewhat heterogeneous, and that it occupies a specific area of the sensory epithelium, with a characteristic, possibly very complex, topology. Because knowledge of this taste modality is still minimal, the topological structure of the taste modality is pure speculation. One such speculation was offered by Beets. To simplify his reasoning, Beets assumed the topology to refer to a two-dimensional area of the sensory... 

Mesostructured materials with adjustable porous networks have shown a considerable potential in heterogeneous catalysis, separation processes and novel applications in optics and electronics [1], The pore diameter (typically from 2 to 30 nm), the wall thickness and the network topology (2D hexagonal or 3D cubic symmetry) are the major parameters that will dictate the range of possible applications. Therefore, detailed information about the formation mechanism of these mesostructured phases is required to achieve a fine-tuning of the structural characteristics of the final porous samples. 

The benefits related to the particular topology of ITQ-21 when used as heterogeneous catalyst have been reported for different processes, such as catalytic cracking [1], hydrocracking [2] or hidrogenation and ring opening of (poly)aromatics [3]... 

Allegre, C. J., Hamelin, B., Provost, A. Dupre, B. (1987). Topology in isotopic multispace and origin of the mantle chemical heterogeneities. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 81,319-37. 

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