Top chord

Bar joists have adequate lateral support to prevent the top chords of the joists from laterally buckling under the loads published in the manufacturer s load tables. For required resistance higher than the load tables or for plastic behavior of the joists, additional lateral bracing may be required. Evaluations should be based on as-built dimensions and field inspections at the elements and welds. If rebound resistance is required, additional uplift bridging may be required. 

Examples of wood in compression parallel to the grain are wooden columns or the top chord of a roof truss. Compression-par-allel-to-the-grain strength or the maximum crushing strength is derived at the ultimate limit value of a standard stress-strain curve. 

Compression web- A member of a tmss system which connects the bottom and top chords and which provides downward support. 

Lattice beams are desirable, if possible, due to their light weight. Where internals are stainless steel to prevent or minimize corrosion, they will also reduce cost. Unlike solid or built-up beams, the top and bottom members of a lattice beam have distinct functions. The bottom chord is the tension only member. The top chord is a compression only member. This is for beams above the line of support. For beams below the line of support, the reverse would be true. 

In a lattice beam, flie top chord is a compression member and must be capable of supporting a column axial load without buckling. A T-type compression member is... 

Bridging terminus point means a wall, a beam, tandem joists (with all bridging installed and a horizontal truss in the plane of the top chord) or other element at an end or intermediate point(s) of a line of bridging that provides an anchor point for the steel joist bridging. 

Structural analysis showed the need to reinforce a number of joints in the top chord of one of the truss arches (Fig. 22.8) to enhance their resistance to wood splitting perpendicularly to the hbres. The perpendicular to wood grain reinforcement of the timber member, in the connection, was performed by internal bonding of threaded rods. These rods were inserted perpendicularly to the existing metallic fasteners close to the beam end (Fig. 22.9). Three rods were used per joint, located just after the beam joint fasteners (Fig. 22.10). The threaded rods, having a diameter of 16 mm, were bonded into... 

Hb= height from the baffle chord to the top of the tube bundle,... 

Hb Height from baffle chord to top of tube bundle L... 

Loads applied to panels on the short wall will be resisted by the three end columns. The roof panels will act as a diaphragm to distribute the loads but they must also resist vertical blast loads in bending which reduces in-plane capacity. To avoid this problem, the top of the center column will be supported by a truss in the roof of the end bay. This truss will utilize the rigid frame beams as chord members with additional angles added to form the struts Braced frames in the end bay wall will provide the support reaction for the roof truss as well as the load from the corner columns. The end bay braced frame will consist of the rigid frame columns and x bracing. Since the columns must resist loads from both directions, the axial capacity in each direction is artificially reduced for the analysis. 

Spectra near the Ar16+ Rydberg series limit [11] are shown in Fig. 7.8. The top spectrum was taken along the central chord of a plasma with neo = 0.9 x 1020/m3 and Teo = 2600 eV. The resonance lines from W6 to... 

Fig. 7.8. Spectra near the Ar16+ series limit. In the top frame is the spectrum from a central chord view, in the middle frame is a spectrum from an identical plasma with a view 18.5 cm above the midplane (r/a=.67) and in the bottom frame is a spectrum from a similar plasma with a view 19.7cm below the midplane (r/a=.62). The ionization limit is shown as the vertical line. The lower spectrum was cut off below 2990 mA...

Fig. 4 Top The Endless Knot, a symbol from Buddhist belief (left), and an ornamented capital letter from the Book of Kells (right). Bottom A figure in the cloister of the Monastery of Sant Cugat del Valles, Catalonia, Spain, showing a man weaving a chord...

In the pseudo-dynamic test all repaired cracks re-opened, but the one at the base section became dominant. At the time when the drift ratio at the top of the wall was 1.0 % (Fig. 16.6), the base section reached its ultimate deformation in flexure (conventionally identified with a 20 % drop in the moment resistance of that section compared to its peak prior value). At that point the ultimate chord rotation of the shear span of the base section ( moment-to-shear ratio, measured during the test to be 6.75 m on average) was 10.5 mrad, the crack at the base had opened to 2.5 mm and at the bottom of the 2nd storey to 1 mm. 

OverSim builds upon INET and provides the implementation of different P2P overlay networks. We performed simulations using OverSim s Chord [26] and Kademlia [18] protocol implementations. Both protocols provide a DHT as application layer on top of the P2P network. SCADA sensor data is replicated... 

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