Toluene benzoic acid

Toluene—Benzoic Acid Process. The toluene—benzoic acid process was first introduced by Dow-Canada, Ltd. in 1961 (13). It accounts for 4% of the total synthetic phenol capacity in the world. 

The three chemical reactions in the toluene—benzoic acid process are oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid, oxidation of benzoic acid to form phenyl benzoate, and hydrolysis of phenyl benzoate to form phenol. A typical process consists of two continuous steps (13,14). In the first step, the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid is achieved with air and cobalt salt catalyst at a temperature between 121 and 177°C. The reactor is operated at 206 kPa gauge (2.1 kg/cm g uge) and the catalyst concentration is between 0.1 and 0.3%. The reactor effluent is distilled and the purified benzoic acid is collected. The overall yield of this process is beheved to be about 68 mol % of toluene. 

The second processing step, in which benzoic acid is oxidized and hydrolyzed to phenol, is carried out in two reactors in series. In the first reactor, the benzoic acid is oxidized to phenyl benzoate in the presence of air and a catalyst mixture of copper and magnesium salts. The reactor is operated at 234°C and 147 kPa gauge (1.5 kg/cm g uge). The phenyl benzoate is then hydrolyzed with steam in the second reactor to yield phenol and carbon dioxide. This occurs at 200°C and atmospheric pressure. The overall yield of phenol from benzoic acid is around 88 mol %. Figure 2 shows a simplified diagram for the toluene—benzoic acid process. 

Fig. 2. Toluene—benzoic acid process for phenol production.

Toluene-benzoic acid process, of phenol manufacture, 18 750 Toluene diamine (TDA), 13 797 Toluenediamine (TDA), 25 189-201. See also Toluenediamines chain extenders for, 25 197 derivatives of, 25 196-197 diazotization of, 25 192 health and safety factors related to, 25 196... 

HPI/Co(acac)2/02 at 100 °C in AcOH solution 125 toluene benzoic acid (90)... 

Toluene Benzoic acid 3-Nitrobenzoic acid 3-Bromo-5-... 

The toluene-benzoic acid process involves three chemical reactions (1) oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid, (2) oxidation of benzoic acid to form phenyl benzoate, and (3) hydrolysis of phenyl benzoate to form phenol. 

Methylanthraquinone (II) was synthesized by fusing o-(o-toluene)benzoic acid and poly-phosphoric acid and cooling the mixture with the addition of some... 

Process Toluene-Benzoic Acid (Dow Toluene Process) (Kaeding Process) Major Reaction Steps Reaction Conditions... 

Figure 6 Effect of contact time on conversion and selectivity in benzyl alcohol oxidation on BaPbo.7Bio.2Cuo.1O3. Reaction temperature 623 K, Po2 132 torr. (A% conversion, benzaldehyde, X toluene, benzoic acid, o benzylbenzoate)...

Bismuth and lead vanadates 260-380 Toluene Benzoic acid naphthalene (S3)... 

Lead vanadate — — Naphthalene Phthalic acid Toluene Benzoic acid (29) (48)... 

Although cryogenic separation has made the xylene isomers readily available, their use has been directed substantially towards the benzene dicarboxylic acids rather than to the toluic acids, potential intermediates in the Dow technology, and furthermore, interest in the toluene/benzoic acid route for phenol itself has diminished considerably. 

Benzyl alcohol dissociatively adsorbs onto the active site of the catalyst to form the adsorbed alkoxide species (Eq. (12.1)), which subsequently undergoes fS-H elimination (Eq. (12.2)) in the rate-determining step to form benzaldehyde [88]. This mechanism for the transformation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde has been proposed on the basis of many kinetic, electrochemical, and other studies [89, 90]. However, the mechanisms for other consecutive and side reactions, which lead to the formation of undesired by-products such as benzene, toluene, benzoic acid, and benzylbenzoate, have been a matter of debate for a long time [91-94]. It is crucial to understand these mechanisms to fine-tune or develop new catalytic... 

Benzaldehyde Phthalic anhydride Toluene benzoic acid source Gum benzoin benzoquanamine mfg. 

Later stages of the decomposition are characterised by evolution of CO and aromatic species such as toluene, benzoic acid and terephthalic acid. It is also suggested that, unlike PET, there are no primary fragments from PBT-containing carbonyl groups, thus no acetalisation reactions are expected. 

Dow has commercialized a 2-stage process from toluene. Benzoic acid is produced by liquid-phase oxidation in the presence of cobalt, and is then subjected to oxidative decarboxylation with a copper catalyst, again in the liquid phase ... 

Water Toluene Benzoic acid C- D D H-in. saddles 2.03 Sprayco-5B 15-18 22.2 13 3-44 4 Kjxt = 6 + O.ISUd Appel and Elgin (3)... 

The following are the oflier aromatic components that were mainly reported as traces by Isidorov [16,17] pyrocatechol, hydroquinone, 2-methoxy-p-cresol, methyl salicylate, methyl benzoate, benzaldehyde, phenol, 2-methoxyphenol, toluene, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid. 

Naturally occurring amino acid found in the urine of most mammals including man. Urinary metab. of toluene, benzoic acid etc. Used in the azlactone synth. of aminoacids. Reference material used in elemental microanalysis. Needles (H2O or EtOH), cryst. (CHC /hexane). Mod. sol. cold H2O sol. hot H2O, EtOH spar. sol. CHCI3. p/ j 3.59 (40°, 0.3M KCl). 

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