Toluene and carbon tetrachloride

Bulk polymerization has been studied at relatively low temperatures and in toluene and carbon tetrachloride solutions carried to low conversions (12). The effects of temperature and different organic peroxide initiators have been observed. The molecular weight of soluble polymer after 3% conversion is ca — 19,000 and is somewhat dependent on initiator concentration or temperature between 35 and 65 °C. With di-2-methylpentanoyl... 

Liver or kidney damage Toluene, and carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,2-2-tetrachloroethane, chloroform... 

Inulin nitrate is insol in w, eth, ethyl and methyl ale, toluene and carbon tetrachloride, but dissolves in acetone, ether ale mixt, coned H2S04, ethyl acetate etc. It does not crystallize from solutions but forms a film... 

In the experiments of Kramers and co-workers, water was the dispersed phase and a mixture of toluene and carbon tetrachloride (density = 965 kg./m.3) the continuous phase. Two types of tracer reactions (1 and II) were used ... 

The desymmetrizations performed by Bolm et al. were usually conducted at —55 °C in a mixture of toluene and carbon tetrachloride. For best results, slightly over-stoichiometric amounts of the alkaloids (1.1 equiv.) were used. The amount of catalyst could, however, be reduced to 10 mol% when a stoichiometric amount of the achiral and non-nucleophilic base 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine was added [10]. Further improvement resulted from systematic screening of alcohol nucleo-... 

In addition, the large pore volume, pore size flexibility, and structural variety of MCM-41 can be extensively used for the selective adsorption of a diversity of gases and liquids [39,40], An extremely high sorption capacity for benzene has been demonstrated [40], Widespread work has been carried out on the sorption properties of some adsorbates, such as nitrogen, argon, oxygen, water, benzene, cyclopentane, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride, as well as certain lower hydrocarbons and alcohols on MCM-41 [122],... 

The density was measured at room temperature using a density gradient column constructed from toluene and carbon tetrachloride. The column was prepared according to ASTM-D 1505 Method B. The column was calibrated with glass floats of known density. The accuracy of density measurements was estimated to be 0.001 g/cm Small pieces ( 25 mm ) were placed in the column and allowed to equilibrate before the measurements were taken. 

Arrhenius parameters for the Ist-order step (1) were reported as A = 2.3 x 10 sec", = 51.4 kcal.mole the activation energy for step (2) was estimated to be 15 kcal.mole" ( 3 0). In a similar study at 533-750 °C Edwards and Small , however, reported somewhat different parameters for steps (1) and (2), viz., Ai = 6.9 X 10 sec , 1 = 55.79 kcal.mole and A2 = 2.2x 10 l.mole. sec , 2 = 6.21 kcal.mole . Edwards and Small also estimated Arrhenius parameters for the dissociation of perfluoroethylene to difluorocarbene these were = 4.6x 10 sec", = 70.36 kcal.mole". Panshin examined the decomposition of difluorochloromethane in a flow system at 598-702 °C using a surface conditioned quartz vessel and obtained Arrhenius parameters for step (1) in substantial agreement with those of Edwards and Small 4 = 1.8 x 10 sec", = 55 kcal.mole". Carrier gases used were helium, toluene and carbon tetrachloride. The rate of decomposition was found to be similar to that for chloro-... 

Other mixtures for fractional distillation. (1) A mixture of toluene and carbon tetrachloride may be separated by the procedure described in the preceding section. Use a mixture of equal volumes of the two substances. Collect fractions as follows I, from 76° to 81° II, from 81° to 90° III, from 90° to 98° IV, from 98° to 108° V, residue. 

The color of the bromosulfanes I htens with increasing chain length SgBrg is dark red, SgBrg only raspberry red. All bromosulfanes are completely miscible with CS3. Only the oils containing less sulfur than S Brg are soluble in benzene, toluene and carbon tetrachloride. 

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS OF LIQUID TOLUENE AND CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. FROM PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH CONFERENCE ON THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY. THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES RESEARCH CENTER. PURDUE UNIVERSITY. WEST LAFAYETTE, INDIANA. OCT. 7-10,... 

Wilke and Chang, 1955 (32) studied the diffusivity of both iodine and toluene in alkanes and included in their analysis other systems from the literature. They investigated the influence of solvent properties, such as, viscosity, molar volume, molecular weight and heat of vap>orization and found a linear relationship between Log (Dpg/T) and Logp with a slope of (0.5). They examined also the influence of solute properties, by collecting diffusion data for a variety of solutes in the solvents, water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, toluene and carbon tetrachloride and they observed a linear relationship between Log (Dpg/T) and log V, the slope being (-0.6). They proposed the following equation... 

High temperatures and a wide range of organic solvents. Soluble in aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons (for example, toluene and carbon tetrachloride) and attacked by oils, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, esters also attacked by some aliphatic hydrocarbons (for example, n-hexane), cyclohexane and nitrobenzene. Decomposed by prolonged contact with oxidizing acids such as concentrated sulfuric or nitric acids. Resists aqueous potassium permanganate better then HIPS (TPS). 

Lehfeldt s Results.—The experiments of Lehfeldt (11) show that the vapour pressures of mixtures of toluene and carbon tetrachloride are slightly lower than those calculated from the formula P = while... 

For toluene and carbon tetrachloride c appears to be a constant, but with benzene and carbon tetrachloride there is a small but distinct variation. 

Powell and coworkers [2.36] consequently used the relative method of thermal comparator to measure The values of thermal conductivity of toluene and carbon tetrachloride which were obtained earlier [2.28] served as reference values. The error was estimated to be 5%. The thermal conductivity of Freon-21 at a temperature of 286 K [2.36] also differs from the values given by other researchers. 

However, in some cases, Eq. (101) does not describe the experimental data [69]. At the adsorption of polystyrene at the chrome plate from cyhclohexane, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride, the value of the intercept in the ordinate axis does not equal hiPi (Fig. 23). Therefore, some number of macromolecules is adsorbed on the surface preliminary. It allows one to suppose that polymer adsorption occurs through two stages. In the first stage, polymer adsorption occurs at the formation of solid, free from polymer. It finished in 1-2 min, when the solid surface was almost covered by macromolecules. 

In this structure, the b-axis was found to be normal to the basal plane. The theoretical density for nylon-3 with four monomeric units in a unit cell is 1.39 g/cm- and the density was determined in a density gradient column of toluene and carbon tetrachloride to be 1.33 g/cm at 25 C. 

A commercial sample sold as [V(acac)3] was found to be largely oxidised as indicated by its colour and smell of the free ligand ketone. Its electronic spectra in acetone, methanol, ethanol, toluene and carbon tetrachloride were different from the prepared and analysed complex. Its C and H contents 45.0 and 5.3% were close to the calculated values for the V(IV) complex. In addition a clear band at 1000 cm i in its ir spectrum confirmed the conclusions, especially as the mass spectrum of the sample showed a molecular ion mass of 265. The spectrum was based on chemical ionisation (Sec.2.1.2)... 

Example 11.6 When a fiber made from PET is dropped in a density gradient column made from toluene and carbon tetrachloride, it comes to rest 70% of the way down the column. What is the percent crystallinity For PET, is equal to 1.335 g/cm and p is equal to 1.455 g/cm. ... 

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