Tolerance ornamentals

Residues in many foods should decrease because EPA has canceled many of the food crop uses of methyl parathion, including fruits and vegetables commonly eaten by children, some other vegetable uses, some feed uses, and all nonfood uses such as ornamental plants and nursery stock uses. Tolerances for methyl parathion on these foods and feed also have been canceled. This action was taken because of a concern for risks to children and workers. Some food and feed uses and tolerances are to be maintained. 

Thermoformed products are used in various outdoor and commercial applications which require tough products that have a large surface area. Typically, these products do not have close dimensional tolerances. Such applications include ornamental pool liners, dumpster lids, panels for portable sanitation facilities, and agricultural feed troughs. These products, which are not required in very large numbers, could not be produced economically by other molding processes,... 

Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is cultivated as an ornamental plant, and also of recent years as an edible non-cereal seed. Many interspecies hybrids have high tolerance to salinity and the capacity to absorb heavy metals. 

An important characteristic of soil is its level of alkalinity or acidity, known as pH. The pH scale runs from 1, extremely acidic, to 14, extremely alkaline. Most soils range from 4 to 8, with the majority of plants growing in the range of 5.5-75. Ornamentals tend to tolerate... 

Smoke shells and rockets are used to produce smoke clouds for military signaling and, in daylight fireworks, for ornamental effects. The shell case or rocket head is filled with a fine powder of the desired color, which powdered material need not necessarily be one which will tolerate heat, and this is dispersed in the form of a colored cloud by the explosion of a small bag of gunpowder placed as near to its center as may be. Artificial vermilion (red), ultramarine (blue), Paris green, chrome yellow, chalk, and ivory black are among the materials which have been used, but almost any material which has a bright color when powdered and which does not cake together may be employed. 

Simazine is widely used for preemergence control in field-grown nursery stock in North America. Selective use in container nurseries also has been demonstrated (Ahrens, 1972 Fretz, 1974 Wadsworth, 1975 Bing, 1983). It is less widely used in container-grown nursery production because of potential leaching (Elmore et al., 1976), but is especially effective when applied in the fall or winter to control winter annual weeds in containers. Simazine currently is registered in the United States for 50 species of woody ornamental nursery stock and Christmas trees. Tables 18.1 and 18.2 list selected species of conifers and deciduous ornamental plants, respectively, and their observed tolerance to simazine at rates of 2.2-3.3kg/ha. Information for these tables was obtained from personal observations and the literature, including those references by Ries et al. (1959) Ahrens (1961) Ticknor (1972) and Schubert et al. (1986). 

Table 18.2 Observed deciduous tree and ornamental plant tolerance to simazine3...

Robinson, D.W. and J.C. Kelly (1989). Further information on the tolerance of woody ornamentals to simazine. Proc. Br. Weed Control... 

Herbicide tolerance in ornamental crop USDA Safe to grow... 

Wisterias are among the finest and most impressive of ornamental vines. They grow best in full sun but wall tolerate some shade. Set out in spring or fall in deeply prepared, moisture-retentive soil. Wi.sterias are often reluctant to bloom, sometimes taking many years. They seem to grow and flower best when given ample water reluctant plants can sometimes... 

Iodo-N-phenylbenzamide, benodanil (6), has a more powerful effect on rust fungi of cereals Puccinia spp.) than mebenil, and is also effective against the rust fungi of coffe, tobacco, vegetables and ornamental plants (Pommer et al., 1973 Locheret al., 1974). This active substance is better tolerated by plants than mebenil. It has a curative and systemic action. Its absorption through the leaves depends on the formulation of the active substance. It is more rapidly absorbed from emulsions and oily preparations than from suspension. Its translocation is relatively slow (Frost et al., 1973). 

Maize, soybean, peanut, cotton, fruit trees and some ornamental plants are tolerant to alachlor. For the broadening of its herbicidal range alachlor can be combined with atrazine (Monsanto, 1971b). 

Proximpham is a selective soil herbicide, but it is absorbed also through the leaves. It is used in beet, onion, vegetables and ornamental plant cultures for the control of Compositae, Labiatae and Cruciferae weeds, which are tolerant to the other phenylcarbamates. 

Pigs can tolerate small daily doses of datura seeds for long periods (92), while poultry have a very high resistance to it and can tolerate up to 15 gm per day (93). Members of the genus Oestrum which are South American in origin, but are now cultivated as ornamental shrubs in various parts of the world, are reputed to contain alkaloids of the atropine type. They are known to have caused poisoning in stock (94) and their toxicity has been confirmed by experiment (95, 96). 

Apollo Plus (6SE) Control of a wide range of mite species, especially imder circumstances of developing tolerance to dofentezine Topffuit, citrus, vines, cotton, vegetables, ornamentals, softffuit, tea 60 gL- clofentezine plus 540 g L- mineral oil (SE)... 

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