To microorganisms

Antibiotics are toxic water-solubie compounds produced by molds or bacteria which inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. For an antibiotic to be useful in medicine it should have a high order of selective toxicity to microorganisms which are pathogenic to man. Al-... 

Are the levels of contaminant amenable to bioremediation Are they toxic to microorganisms Are they so abundant that even substantial microbial activity will take too long to clean the site ... 

Resistance to Microorganisms and Insects. Resistance of triacetate to microorganisms, based on soil-burial tests, is high, approaching that of polyester, acryUc, and nylon fibers. Sod-burial test results on acetate, triacetate, and cotton are shown in Figure 8. Neither acetate nor triacetate fiber is readdy attacked by moths or carpet beedes. 

In the activated sludge process, performance is related to the food-to-microorganism ratio (F/M), which is the kg BOD appHed/d/kg volatile suspended soHds (VSS). 

Nonmetallic materials should have the following desirable characteristics low moisture absorption, resistance to microorganisms, stability through temperature range, resistance to flame and arc, freedom from out-gassing, resistance to weathering, and compatibility with other materials. 

The leucme-reversible toxicity of 5,5, -trifluoroleudne (10) to microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, has been attributed to incorporation of JO into protem [32] and to the action of 10 as a false feedback inhibitor of a-isopropylmalate... 

It has the ability to cross the placenta and therefore provides a major line of defence against infection for the newborn. This can be reinforced by transfer ofcolostral IgG across the gut mucosa of the neonate. It diffuses readily into the extravascular spaces where it can act in the neutralization of bacterial toxins and can bind to microorganisms enhancing the process of phagocytosis (opsonization). This is due to the presence on the phagocytic cell surface of a receptor for Fc. 

The theoretieal baekground whieh underlies immunity to infection has been discussed in detail in Chapter 14. Immunity to infeetion may be passively acquired through the receipt of preformed, proteetive antibodies or it may be aetively acquired through an immune response following deliberate or accidental exposure to microorganisms or their eomponent parts. Aetive aequired immunity might involve either or both humoral and cell-mediated responses. 

Particularly polar contaminants may associate with polymeric humic components of soil, water, and sediment. Their biodegradation then depends on the degree to which these processes are reversible and the contaminants become accessible to microorganisms (bioavailable). This is especially significant after weathering (aging), even for nonpolar compounds. 

These data strongly suggest that siderophore production by root-colonizing microorganisms is induced only at a level neeessary to supplement that which is not provided by phytosiderophores and organic acids released during the plant iron stress response. Thus, the plant iron stress response may control iron availability to microorganisms in the rhizosphere. 

Peritonitis is defined as the acute inflammatory response of the peritoneal lining to microorganisms, chemicals, irradiation, or foreign-body injury. This chapter deals only with peritonitis of infectious origin. 

Peritonitis An acute inflammatory reaction of the peritoneal lining to microorganisms or chemical irritation. 

Babich, H. and Stotzky, G., Reductions in the toxicity of cadmium to microorganisms by clay minerals,... 

Ozone In-line Chemical oxidation will occur, rendering compounds more biodegradable Ozone generation is expensive Toxic to microorganisms except low concentrations... 

Urea-formaldehyde resins are used as the main adhesive in the forest product industry because they have a number of advantages, including low cost, ease of use under a wide variety of curing conditions, low cure temperatures, water solubility, resistance to microorganisms and to abrasion, hardness, excellent thermal properties, and a lack of color, especially in the cured resin. 

Alfonso, C. Fenselau, C. Use of bioactive glass shdes for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization analysis Apphcation to microorganisms. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 694-697. 

Megharaj K.V.M., Sethunathan N., Naidu R. Bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to microorganisms and their activities in soil a review. Adv Environ Res 2003 8 121-135. 

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