Titanium oxide, extraction from ilmenite

Titanium cesium alum, 6 50 Titanium (II) chloride from disproportionation of titanium (III) chloride, 6 56, 61 Titanium(III) chloride, 6 52, 57 Titanium (IV) chloride, reduction of, with hydrogen, 6 52, 57 Titanium complex compounds, cations, with acetylacetone, [Ti-(C.H. hTiCl, and [Ti(C6H7-0,),]FeCl , 2 119, 120 Titanium(IV) oxide, extraction of, from ilmenite, 5 79, 81 to titanium powder with calcium, 6 47... 

Titanium dioxide. Cl 77891, also known as titanium (IV) oxide, CAS No. 13463-67-7 with molecular weight of 79.87 is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium. When used as a pigment, it is called Titanium White and Pigment White 6 . Titanium dioxide is extracted from a variety of naturally occurring ores that contain ilmenite, rutile, anatase and leucoxene. 

Various well-known industrial and municipal waste products particularly those from the base metal industry, contain appreciable amounts of Fe oxides which may make them suitable for remediation purposes. Two examples from industry are the residues from the alumina and the titanium industries. The extraction of either Al or Ti from the natural ores (bauxite and ilmenite/rutile, respectively) leaves behind an alkaline and acidic (sulphuric) residue, respectively, in which Fe oxides are enriched, as indicated by their names Red Mud and Red Gypsum . A sample of Red gypsum is reported to contain ca. 35% of Fe oxide consisting of goethite and hematite, half of which was oxalate soluble (Fauziah et al., 1996). As expected, this material had an appreciable adsorption capacity for phosphate and heavy metals and, if added to soils, could confer these properties on them (Peacock Rimmer, 2000),... 

The metal zirconium is not as rare as might be expected. It is eighteenth in abundance in the earth s crust and more common than copper and zinc together. The most important mineral is zircon, zirconium silicate ZrSiO. Badddeyite, zirconium oxide ZrOj (Table 19.1) is also important There are, however, no zircon mines. Zircon is recovered as a by-product from the extraction of titanium from ores containing the minerals rutile and ilmenite. 

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