Titanium carbide preparation

G. W. Eiger, Preparation and Chlorination of Titanium Carbide from Domestic Titaniferous Ores, Report of Investigation 8497, U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C., 1980. 

Titanium carbide may be prepared by a thermochemical reaction between finely divided carbon and titanium metal powder. The reaction proceeds exothermically. 

It also reacts with carbon. There are cases of spontaneous ignition with ti-tanium/powdered carbon mixtures prepared for the purpose of producing titanium carbide. 

Fire hazards and pyrophoricity of mixed charges for preparing titanium carbide are discussed. 

Titanium (IV) iodide may be prepared by a variety of methods. High-temperature methods include reaction of titanium metal with iodine vapor,1-3 titanium carbide with iodine,4 titanium(IV) oxide with aluminum (III) iodide,5 and titanium (IV) chloride with a mixture of hydrogen and iodine. At lower temperatures, titanium (IV) iodide has been obtained by the combination of titanium and iodine in refluxing carbon tetrachloride7 and in hot benzene or carbon disulfide 8 a titanium-aluminum alloy may be used in place of titanium metal.9 It has been reported that iodine combines directly with titanium at room temperature if the metal is prepared by sodium reduction of titanium (IV) chloride and is heated to a high temperature before iodine is... 

Titanium carbide has also been widely studied. Vinod and Frost prepared relatively high surface area forms of TiC (25-125 m g i) and showed lower corrosion currents at 1.0 V in 100% H3PO4 at 200°C than graphitized XC72. ° The oxygen reduction specific activity of Pt/TiC was superior to that of Pt/C, although this may have been influenced by the larger Pt particles deposited onto the TiC. 

Titanium tetrachloride was prepared for the first time in 1825 by chlorine acting on titanium at high temperature. Since that time more production techniques have been devised, e.g. the chlorination of titanium carbide and the effect of hydrogen chloride on metallic titanium at a temperature above 300 °C. 

Titanium carbide TiC is made by reduction of Ti02 with carbon. Compact shapes can be prepared by hot pressing. It is a significant component of commercial cermets. Tungsten carbide WC is the basic material for the bits of machining tools. 

These compounds are prepared by the same procedures as titanium carbide. The reaction mixture consists of either ZrOg (or HfOg) + 3 C, or Zr (or Hf) + C the reaction temperatures lie above 2000°C. Since both ZrC and HfC are very sensitive to Ng, die high-temperature sintering stage must be carried out in 99% Ar. 

C-doped Ti02 was also prepared through the following processes controlled oxidative annealing of titanium carbide (TiC) for decomposition of trichloroacetic acid under visible light irradiation... 

Titanium carbide (TiC) is another nonoxide ceramic that is not available in nature. It is prepared either by the carbothermal reduction of Ti02 or by direct reaction between the elements titanium and carbon. As in many of these reactions high temperatures are required. The carburization temperature is between 2100 and 2300 C. 

H.R. Orthner, R Tomasi, and W. J. Botta F., Reaction sintering of titanium carbide and titanium silicide prepared by high-energy milling. Materials Science and Engineering A336.202 (2002). 

Zhang et al. also prepared titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles at 1,200 °C by combining sol-gel and microwave carbothermal reduction using tetrabutyl titanate and sucrose as the starting materials [48]. The obtained TiC nanoparticles were in the range of 100-500 nm. 

Titanium carbide powder is prepared by the reaction of Ti02 with carbon at 2000°C or above in hydrogen by the carburi2ation of titanium sponge by the auxiliary bath technique, or by plasma-CVD. Titanium carbide coatings are deposited by CVD, evaporation or sputtering (see Chs. 14 and 15). 

Table 58. Recommended preparation of a titanium carbide coating on graphite...

Polymeric titanate obtained by trans-esterification reaction of TIP with xylene diacetate were easily formed into fibers and films which were successfully converted to titanium carbide fibers and films (Thome, 1992). However, the products were carbon-deficient and described as TiC (jc = 0.4-0.6), and brittle. The preparation of TiC fibers from lignin-Ti02 hybrid (Hasegawa, 1998), ZrC fibers from phenolic rcsin-Zr02 hybrid (Hasegawa, 1999), B4C powders from the phenol-HsBOs hybrid (Hasegawa, 1999d) have been reported. 

Preiss H., Berger L-M., Schultze D. Studies on the carbothermal preparation of titanium carbide fi-om different gel precursors. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 1999 19 195-206 Raman V., Paraschar V.K., Dhakate S.R. Synthesis ofsiUcon carbide whiskers from substituted silicon alkoxides and rayon fibers. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2002 25 175-179... 

C-C Jiang, T Goto, T Hirai. Preparation of titanium carbide plates by chemical vapor deposition. J Mater Sci 25 1086, 1990. 

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