High-energy milling

Nanoparticles can be produced by mechanical attrition. Such nanoparticles are formed in a mill in which energy is used to transform course-grained materials into nanostructured powders. The particles themselves can have a size distribution of less than 100 nm, called a nanoparticle, or, as is common in materials milled nsing mechanical attrition, the product is highly crystaUine, and the crystallite size after milling is between 1 and 10 nm in diameter, called nanocrystalline materials [1]. 

Kopp Alves et al., Novel Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Materials, Engineering Materials, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-41275-2 7, 

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Kaliaguine, S., and van Neste, A., Proeess for synthesizing perovskites using high energy milling. US patent, 6,017,504 (2000). 

G. Roy, J. Neima, Z.S. Wronski, R.A. Varin, X-ray diffraction study of stress in a magnesium-hydrogen system produced by high-energy milling of powders, Mater. Sci. Forum 539-543 (2007) 2713-2718. 

To enhance reactivity in ceramic reactions, intimate mixtures of small particles are preferred. Vigorous grinding, however, does not only reduce the particle size. Using high energy mills, considerable local pressures and temperatures may be achieved. So-called mechanochemical reactions are very rare with fluorides ... 

The advantages of SPD techniques over high energy milling are a lower concentration of impurities and a lower production cost for large quantities [253]. 

High-energy milling should not be used during particle size reduction. Microcrystals are best formed by controlled precipitation techniques or shock cooling. 

The formation of intermetallic compounds by high-energy milling is a potentially... 

Design In stirred mills, a central paddle wheel or disced armature stirs the media at speeds from 100 to 3000 r/min (for some lab units). Stirrer tip speeds vary from 2 m/s for some attritors to 18 m/s for some high-energy mills. 

Martinez-Bustos, F., Lopez-Soto, M., San Martin-Martinez, E., Zazueta-Morales, J. J., and Velez-Medina, J. J. (2007). Effects of high energy milling on some functional properties of jicama starch (Pachyrrhizus erosus L. Urban) and cassava starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz). J. Food Eng. 78,1212-1220. 

The thermal behaviour of nanociystaliine CuS particles, obtained by mechanochemical synthesis by high-energy milling in an industrial mill, has... 

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