Titania electrode

However, a sensitizer is needed since water does not absorb visible light. This approach received a tremendous push in the 1970s after Fujishima and Honda published their pioneering work on photolysis of water on titania electrodes [ 16] at the time of the first oil crises. 

Impedometric Investigation of Titania Electrodes Surface-Modified with Metal Particles... 

Ma, T.L., M. Akiyama, E. Abe and I. Imai (2005). High-elHciency dye-sensitized solar cell based on a nitrogen-doped nanostructured titania electrode. Nano Letters, 5(12), 2543-2547. 

Sulfur, selenium and tellurium have very similar chemical properties many sulfides and selenides are insoluble compounds (ks(CdS) = 10 , ks(Bi2S3) = 10 e ks(CdSe) = 10 ), hence it is possible to obtain the functionalization of titania electrodes by a simple chemical bath deposition. 

Fig. 30 Typical absorption spectrum of electrodeposited Bi2S3 on a nanocrystalline titania electrode...

Typically, a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is composed of a dye-sensitized mesoporous titania electrode, a platinum counter electrode, and an electrolyte containing iodine/ iodide. Indium tin oxide (ITO) glass was the commonly used conductive substrate for a DSSC, but its intrinsic rigidity largely limited the flexibility of the resulted device. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the other flexible and conductive substrates aiming at flexible DSSCs. 

Vasudevan, D. Chellammal, S. Anantharaman, P. N. Synthesis of 5-aminosalicylic acid at a titanium/ titania electrode. J. Appl. Electrochem. 1991,21, 839-841. 

Fig. 4.11 Illumination of a titania electrode (1) causes evolution of oxygen. Hydrogen is evolved at the Pt black electrode (2, in a proportion 2 to 1 with respect to oxygen, as measured by gas burettes 4). A conducting membrane (3) coimects the compartments and the electrodes are coimected through an external load (5) and a voltmeter (6)...

Redmond G, Fitzmaurice D (1993) Spectroscopic determination of flatband potentials for polycrystalline titania electrodes in nonaqueous solvents. J Phys Chem 97(7) 1426-1430... 

Fig. 12 (a-d) Gyroid titania network and fabrication of hybrid solar cells, (e-1) Scanning electron microscope images of the resulting titania electrode (reprinted with permission from [37] Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society)... 

Topoglidis E, Campbell CJ, Cass AEG, Durrant JR (2006) Nitric oxide biosensors based on the immobilization of hemoglobin on mesoporous titania electrodes. Electroanalysis 18 882-888... 

Naphthaleneamine. 1-Naphthylamine or a-naphth5iamine/7i5 -i2- can be made from 1-nitronaphthalene by reduction with iron—dilute HCl, or by catalytic hydrogenation it is purified by distillation and the content of 2-naphthylamine can be reduced as low as 8—10 ppm. Electroreduction of 1-nitronaphthalene to 1-naphthylamine using titania—titanium composite electrode has been described (43). Photoinduced reduction of 1-nitronaphthalene on semiconductor (eg, anatase) particles produces 1-naphthylamine in 77% yield (44). 1-Naphthylamine/7J4-J2-. can also be prepared by treating 1-naphthol with NH in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperature. The sanitary working conditions are improved by gas-phase reaction at... 

On account of the reported photocatalytic activity of titania nanosheets in the oxidation of water [290], Yamada et al. [291] attempted to fabricate photoelectrodes responsive to visible light by coating Cd8 electrodes with titania nanosheets. It was considered that since the thickness of a nanosheet is as small as two atomic layers of... 

Figure 16.7 Specific activity for oxygen reduction at 0.3 V vs. RHE on carbon- and titania-supported Au nanoparticles [Guerin et al., 2006b] (a) C/Au (b) TiO /Au. In the case of TiO c/Au (b), results are shown for data obtained on arrays of electrodes (O) and on rotating disk electrodes (RDE) (A).

FIGURE 16.4 Scanning electron micrographs of glassy carbon electrodes coated with (a) titania sol-gel and (b) titania sol-gel doped with HRP (adapted from [35]). 

X-ray diffraction conducted on the codeposited powder revealed that the deposit obtained from a suspension of gamma alumina, which had been partially converted to the alpha phase, contained both phases of alumina. Whereas, the powder codeposited from a suspension having a 50 50 mixture of alpha to gamma alumina powder, consisted only of the alpha phase. Using a parallel plate electrode configuration, Chen et al. [31] concluded that only alpha alumina can be codeposited. Chen also observed a difference in codeposition with copper when using two different phases of the titanium oxide particle system rutile readily codeposited but anatase titania did not... 

Figure 12.1 Generation of photocatalytic active species at the surface of titania particles (NHE = normal hydrogen electrode).

In the case of anatase allotropic form of titania, the redox potential for the photogenerated holes vs. the standard hydrogen electrode is of +3.1 V, and that for the conduction band electrons of +0.5 V (Figure 12.2). These values show that holes created by light excitation have a strong oxidizing potential. 

P.V. Kamat, Electrochemically assisted photocatalysis titania particulate film electrodes for photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol, J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) 9040-9044. 

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