Nitric oxide biosensor

G.C. Zhao, X.W. Wei, and Z.S. Yang, A nitric oxide biosensor based on myoglobin adsorbed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Electroanalysis 17, 630-634 (2005). 

Casero E, Darder M, Pariente F, Lorenzo E (2000) Peroxidase enzyme electrodes as nitric oxide biosensors. Anal Chim Acta 403 1-9... 

Zhao et al. [104] reported the electrochemical behavior of myoglobin on MWCNT-GCE and the potential application for the development of a nitric oxide biosensor. Myoglobin was immobilized on the acid-treated-MWCNTs-GCE by dipping the electrode into 0.24 mM myoglobin solution (in acetate buffer pH 5.6) over 72 hours. After that, the electrode was removed, washed with water and stored at 4 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments... 

J.T. Pang, C.H. Fan, X.J. Liu, T. Chen, and G.X. Li, A nitric oxide biosensor based on the multiassembly of haemoglobin/montmorillonite/polyvinyl alcohol at a pyrolytic graphite electrode. Biosens. 

E. Casero, M. Darder, F. Pariente, E. Lorenzo, Peroxidase Enzyme Electrodes as Nitric Oxide Biosensors. Anal. Chun. Acta, 403 (2(XX)) 1—9. 

Topoglidis E, Campbell CJ, Cass AEG, Durrant JR (2006) Nitric oxide biosensors based on the immobilization of hemoglobin on mesoporous titania electrodes. Electroanalysis 18 882-888... 

Fan C, Pang J, Shen P, Li G, Zhu D (2002) Nitric oxide biosensors based on Hb/phospha-tidylcholine films. Anal Sci 18 129-132... 

Barker S.L., Kopelman R., Meyer T.E., Cusanovich M.A., Fiber-Optic Nitric Oxide-Selective Biosensors, Anal. Chem. 1998 70 971. 

This same group developed a novel biosensor based on manganese myoglobin to detect nitric oxide. Mn-containing myoglobin was chosen as... 

The material is presented in 17 chapters, covering topics such as trends in ion selective electrodes, advances in electrochemical immunosensors, modem glucose biosensors for diabetes management, biosensors based on nanomaterials (e.g. nanotubes or nanocrystals), biosensors for nitric oxide and superoxide, or biosensors for pesticides. 

J.H. Shin, S.M. Marxer, and M.H. Schoenfisch, Nitric oxide-releasing sol-gel particle/polyurethane glucose biosensors. Anal. Chem. 76, 4543 1549 (2004). 

Next, some typical examples will be presented of how a DNA-electrochemical biosensor is appropriate to investigate the DNA damage caused by different types of substances, such as the antioxidant agent quercetin (Scheme 20.1), an anticancer drug adriamycin (Scheme 20.2) and nitric oxide. In all cases, the dsDNA damage is detected by changes in the electrochemical behaviour of the immobilized dsDNA, specifically through modifications of the purinic base oxidation peak current [3,5,40]. 

Oh BK, Robbins ME, Nablo BJ, Schoenfisch MH. Miniaturized glucose biosensor modified with a nitric oxide-releasing xerogel microarray. Biosensors Bioelectronics 2005, 21, 749-757. 

Schoenfisch MH, Rothrick AR, Shin JH, Polizzi MA, Brinkley MF, Dobmeier KP. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-doped nitric oxide-releasing xerogels as glucose biosensor membranes. Biosensors Bioelectronics 2006, 22, 306-312. 

Enzyme-based biosensors are very suitable for the antioxidant status evaluation, since they show excellent selectivity for biological substances and can directly determine and/or monitor antioxidant compounds in a complex media such as biological or vegetable samples without needing a prior separation step. During the course of the catalytic reaction on the electroactive substrates, the current produced at an applied potential is related to the concentration of a specific biomarker, for which the biosensor is selective. HRP-based biosensors for antioxidant status evaluation have been applied in the detection of superoxide radical [119], nitric oxide [120], glutathione [119, 121], uric acid [122, 123], and phenolic compounds [124—126],... 

This review is a survey of the research on the direct electron transfer (DET) between biomolecules and electrodes for the development of reagentless biosensors. Both the catalytic reaction of a protein or an enzyme and the coupling with further reaction have been used analytically. For better understanding and a better overview, this chapter begins with a description of electron transfer processes of redox proteins at electrodes. Then the behaviour of the relevant proteins and enzymes at electrodes is briefly characterized and the respective biosensors are described. In the last section sensors for superoxide, nitric oxide and peroxide are presented. These have been developed with several proteins and enzymes. The review is far from complete, for example, the large class of iron-sulfur proteins has hardly been touched. Here the interested reader may consult recent reviews and work cited therein [1,19]. 

Baker SLR, Kopelman R, Meyer TE, Cusanovich MA (1998) Fiber optic nitric oxide selective biosensors and nanosensors. Anal Chem 70 971-976... 

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