Tissue extract, chromatogram

Figure 1. HPLC chromatograms of an authentic sample (0.255 lAg) of salvinorin A (A), and of representative Salvia divinorum tissue extracts obtained from "Palatable" clone (Bret Blosser) (B), from Cerro Rab6n clone (L. J. Valdes) (C), and from a seed grown plant DS03 (D. J. Siebert) (D). In each case the retention time of the peak representing salvinorin A is indicated. (For chromatographic protocol see Experimental section).

Fig. 29.16 Chromatograms of (a) tissue extract spiked with seven sedatives and carazolol at 2 ppb and (b) mixed standard equivalent to 2 ppb. (Reprinted from Ref. 523, with permission from Elsevier Science.)...

Figure 3 An example of the use of GC-MS for metabolic profiling. Left A section of the total ion chromatogram from the analysis of TMS-derivatized aqueous tissue extracts from the liver of PPAR- null mouse. Metabolites are identified from exact retention times and comparison of corresponding mass spectra with those in the NIST database. 97 metabolites were quantified. Right Summary of metabolite differences in the tissues of the PPAR-a null mouse. Red- increased relative to control, blue- decreased relative to control. The increased/decreased width of certain arrows reflects relative increased/decreased concentrations across these pathways, respectively.

Figure 11, Total ion current chromatograms of (A) standard Aroclor 1260 mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. Programmed temperature analysis two minutes at 206°C, to 230 C/min, isothermal at 230 C. (B) Human adipose tissue extract. Programmed temperature analysis two minutes at 190° C, to 230°C at 5°C/min, isothermal at 230°C.

Structural studies of the PCB components must necessarily involve the application of complex separation procedures coupled with detailed spectrometric studies of each isolated component. Figure 11 also includes the total ion current chromatogram of a human adipose tissue extract which was shown to contain traces of PCB compounds (peaks a through /) whose mass spectra were consistent with those found for Aroclor 1260, namely, peaks 6 and 9 through 17. 

Figure 6. Total ion current chromatogram of endogenous and spiked pesticides extracted from an EPA standard fish tissue.

FIGURE 5 (A) UHPLC ESI+chromatogram of the polar extract of postmortem brain tissue. (B) The scores plot displaying the separation between the two sam-... 

Co-chromatograms of a BHT standard and extracts of liver and mammary tissue confirmed the presence of BHT in both (Figure 6 mammary, liver not shown). Other than the presence of the BHT peak,... 

Fig. 4. Representative LC/MS chromatogram and MS/MS spectra of anandamide and its analogs extracted from human brain tissue.

The alkaloid contents in a single alkaloid cell from M. cordata roots of three different thicknesses (age 1-2 years) were determined as follows. The liquid from various numbers of alkaloid cells (Table II) was removed uniformly and collected in the microtrap. The liquid in the capillary and connection tubes was washed into the microtrap to make a certain definite volume for analysis. Quantitative analysis of each alkaloid was carried by preparing a calibration graph (4). Figure 3 shows the HPLC chromatogram of alkaloids from the alkaloid cells. The content of each alkaloid per single alkaloid cell in tissues from three different thickness of roots and its ratio are shown in Table II. The liquid in colorless cells contained only a minute amount of protopine and allocryptopine (Fig. 3). The thicker the roots, the more alkaloids were contained in a single alkaloid cell. In any thickness of root, the content of protopine-type alkaloids exceeded that of benzo[c]phenanthridine-type alkaloids. The ratio of the former to the latter was almost steady over 5 mm of root thickness (86-87%). The ratio of alkaloids in methanol extracts of the same fresh samples (thickness 5 mm) was determined by HPLC (Table III). The ratio of protopine-type alkaloids in the methanol extracts ( 80%) was less than that in the liquid from the alkaloid cells ( 87%). This was because the liquid in alkaloid cells near the cambium were picked up more than that in center cells (pith). Thus, intracellular components scattered in different places are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in situ by HC. 

Figure 8. Total ion current chromatograms of extracts containing organo-clMrine pesticide residues isolated from adipose tissue (A) fraction 1 and...

Figure 15 Electrospray positive multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) chromatograms for seven dosed compounds plus an analytical internal standard (top chromatogram). Compounds were extracted from brain tissue (2.5 ng/mL) by 96-well semiautomated liquid-liquid extraction.

Alternative GC-MS methods for metabonomic profiling are described in the literature [60,76,78,87,108], An example of total ion chromatogram (TIC) of a human urine extract analyzed by GC-MS is shown in Figure 10.5 [76], Figure 10.6 illustrates metabonomics approaches for biomarker screening in plasma, urine, and tissue... 

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