Tire Components

This wave equation is tire basis of all wave optics and defines tire fimdamental stmcture of electromagnetic tlieory witli tire scalar function U representing any of tire components of tire vector functions E and H. (Note tliat equation (C2.15.5) can be easily derived by taking tire curl of equation (C2.15.1) and equation (C2.15.2) and substituting relations (C2.15.3) and (C2.15.4) into tire results.)... 

Composites. Various composite materials have evolved over the years as a significant class of high performance textile products. The prototype composite is carbon fiber with an epoxy resin matrix for stmctural akcraft components and other aerospace and military appHcations. Carbon fiber composites ate also used in various leisure and spotting items such as golf clubs, tennis rackets, and lightweight bicycle frames. However, other types of appHcations and composites ate also entering the marketplace. For example, short ceUulose fiber/mbbet composites ate used for hoses, belting, and pneumatic tire components. 

Tire Component Compound Properties. Table 16 summarizes desired properties of three tire components in generalized terms. 

Tire Elastomers. The mbbers used in various tire components are shown in Table 18. 

Table 18. Rubbers Used in Various Tire Components...

All three softeners migrate from one compound to another and this must be considered when compounding for a set range of stiffness (modulus) gradiations in the tire components designed to alleviate stress. 

Table 9. Average Polymer Composition of Truck Tire Components, %...

The carcass or body ply of the tire is made up of fabric yams, typically of steel, nylon, rayon, or polyester, twisted into parallel weft-less cord layers known as plies. These plies are loaded with NR-based compound loaded with adhesion promoters to generate a bond between the cord surface and other tire components. 

Principally, we differentiate between immersion and spray cooling technology, depending on the type of tire components and the desired speed of the downstream line. 

The system can store a multitude of different product recipes (usually 200-600) depending on the number of different tire components produced on such a line. 

The rubber stock, once compounded and mixed, must be molded or transformed into the form of one of the final parts of the tire. This consists of several parallel processes by which the sheeted rubber and other raw materials, such as cord and fabric, are made into the following basic tire components tire beads, tire treads, tire cords, and the tire belts (fabric). Tire beads are coated wires inserted in the pneumatic tire at the point where the tire meets the wheel rim (on which it is mounted) they ensure a seal between the rim and the tire. The tire treads are the part of the tire that meets the road surface their design and composition depend on the use of the tire. Tire cords are woven synthetic fabrics (rayon, nylon, polyester) impregnated with rubber they are the body of the tire and supply it with most of its strength. Tire belts stabilize the tires and prevent the lateral scrubbing or wiping action that causes tread wear. 

The processes used to produce the individual tire components usually involve similar steps. First, the raw stock is heated and subjected to a final mixing stage before going to a roller mill. The material is then peeled off rollers and continuously extruded into the final component shape. Tire beads are directly extruded onto the reinforcing wire used for the seal, and tire belt is produced by calendering rubber sheet onto the belt fabric. 

The current technology is very cost-effective. If applied correcfly in line with other processes, such as extrusion or calendering, it can produce substantial savings by the reduction in material or the tire component s weight. The reduction of overall thickness can be as much as 20%. ... 

Polymers of Cycloolefins. Polyoctcnamcr elastomers arc processed by extrusion, injection molding, and calendering into hoses, rubber coalings, and tire component. They are mostly used as components in rubber-, PVC-. and PS-based compositions. 

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