Tien Shan

I, Co, Cu deficit Various mountain regions Carpathian, Caucasian, Crimea, Tien-Shan, etc Mountain soils Endemic increase of thyroid gland and endemic goiter, Cobalt-deficiency and B12 vitamin-deficiency... 

K. Y. (2001) Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the northwestern Tien Shan new age estimates for the initiation of mountain building. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 113(12), 1544-1559. 

Allen M. B., Windley B. F., and Chi Z. (1992) Palaeozoic collisional tectonics and magmatism of the Chinese Tien Shan, central Asia. Tectonophysics 220, 89-115. 

Chalov, P.I., Tuzova, T.V. and Alekhina, V.M., 1976. Fluctuations of helium and radon anomalies in some springs located along faults of the north Tien-Shan seismic zone during the period preceding the Kochkor earthquake of 1974. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 231 26-28. 

High mountain ranges constitute this region and this determines the development of soil-ecosystem complex. Distric Cambisols with acid reaction occur on well-drained mountain slopes. Eutric Cambisols, neutral or slightly alkaline, with a carbonate horizon in the lower part of the profile, occur on less moistened slopes under Dark Coniferous ecosystems. In Eurasia analogs of such soils are found in Tien Shan. 

The Aral Sea is positioned in the zone where geological structures of the Urals join those of Tien-Shan. The Aral depression is bordered on the west by Precambrian crystalline basement, and on the northeast - by the Central Kazakhstan massif [9]. Pre-Mesozoic rocks are highly metamorphosed, heavily distorted and broken by faults into mosaic block systems of varying altitudes. 

The Aral Sea basin extends from the Turgai plateau in the north to the mountains of Hindu Kush and Pamir-Altai in the south and southeast and from the Ustyurt plateau in the west to Central Tien-Shan in the east. The area of the basin with the Amudarya and S3rdarya River basins is about 1.83 million km, which exceeds many times the area of the sea proper. 

In Central Asia, the measurements of vertical profiles of concentration and the optical characteristics of stratospheric and tropospheric aerosol have been conducted since 1988 at the Lidar Station Teplokluchenka (Kyrgyz Republic), with the use of a laser-location method. The high mountain Lidar Station Teplokluchenka (LST) is located over 2000 m above sea level, southeast of a high mountain lake Issyk-Kul in Central Tien-Shan (42.5° N, 78.4" E). It is a xmique scientific station for complex monitoring of tropospheric and stratospheric aerosol by lidar in the center of the Asian part of the global geoecological system. LST was established in 1987. 

For further analysis of the long-distance transport of aerosol pollution to the Tien-Shan territory, the backtrajectories (BT) of air transfer were developed at a level of the leading current 500 gPa, taking into account the regional physico-geographical conditions. 

Figure 3 shows the characteristic backtrajectories of air mass transfer and centers of the possible sources of aerosol pollution. The histogram of recurrence of the backtrajectories classified by pollution sources (Figure 4) clearly demonstrates the contribution of different centers of aerosol generation to the total air pollution over the Tien-Shan, in relation to the type of air mass. 

These ecosystems are widespread in the Asian continent and they coincide with sub-boreal and subtropical climatic belts of very strong aridity. There are three geographical regions in East Asia Pamir-Tibetan, Hindukush-Alai and Tien-Shan (Table 1, Figure 1) The main soil types are xerosol, arenosol, yermosol, solonets. 

Brown ET, Bourles DL, Burchfiel BC, Deng Q, Li J, Molnar P, Raisbeck GM, Yiou F (1998b) Estimation of slip rates in the southern Tien Shan using cosmic ray exposure dates of abandoned alluvial fans. GSA Bulletin 110 377-386... 

Distribution Toshkent province of Uzbekistan, in the Western Tien Shan Osh and Jalal-Abad provinces of Kyrgyzstan. 

Distribution Toshkent province of Uzbekistan Western Tien-Shan not found in Kyrgyzstan. 

ABSTRACT The probable overall interrelation between seismicity background and landslide activity was focused in this study. The comparative analysis of spatial-temporal distribution of earthquakes and landslides has been made in two earthquake and landshde-active areas in Kyrgyzstan Northern Tien-Shan and Western Tien Shan. Data on active faults, modem tectonic movements and earthquake sources mechanisms have been analyzed for the estimation of the geodynamic conditions of the study area. Atmospheric precipitations influence on the activation of the landslide processes was also taken into consideration. 

Landslides of Northern Tien Shan spatially associated with the structures of modem uplifts moving onto sedimentary strata of Chui hollow and... 

Ghose, S. Hamburger, M.W., Ammon, Ch. J. 1998. Source parameters of moderate-sized earthquakes in the Tien-Shan, Central Asia from regional moment tensor inversion. Geophysical research letters, 16 (25) 3181-3184. 

The photoluminescence (PL) and optical excitation spectra of baratovite in aegirine syenite from Dara-i-Pioz, Tien Shan Mts., Tajikistan and katayamalite in aegirine syenite from Iwagi Islet, Ehime, Japan were obtained at 300 and 80 K (Sidike et al. 2008). Under short wave (253.7 nm) ultraviolet light, baratovite and katayamalite exhibited bright blue-white luminescence. The PL spectrum of baratovite at 300 K consisted of a wide band with a peak at approximately 406 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 6.32 kcm The excitation spectrum of the blue-white luminescence from baratovite at 300 K consisted of a prominent band with a peak at approximately 250 nm. The PL and excitation spectra of katayamalite were similar to those of baratovite. The luminescence from these minerals was attributed to the intrinsic luminescence. 

Czeczuga B, Kudratov I, Bai Bulatova NE (1993) Carotenoids in certain Lichens from Pamir-Alai and Tien-Shan Mountains. Feddes Rep 104 59... 

Afgouni, K., and Silva Sa, J. H. (1978). Lithium Ores in Brazil. Energy 3(3), 247-253. Akhundzhanov, R. (1997). Rare Earth Leucogranite Subvolcanic Analogs from the Chatkal-Kurama Region, Central Tien-Shan. Uzbekistan Geol. J., Tashkent, 29-39. 

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