Thyroid gland morphology

Ivleva, E.V. (1989b). Morphology of the thyroid gland in five species of Black Sea fish (In Russian). Zhumal Evolutsionnoy Biochimii i Physiologii 25,644-647. 

It has been reported that high doses (138 and 430 mg/kg) of omeprazole to rats interfere with the peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to tri-iodothyronine (T3) resulting in the decrease of serum T3, unchanged serum T4 and no change in the morphology of the thyroid gland [119]. 

Certain PCBs or certain exposures to PCBs may increase serum T4 levels at low doses and decrease serum T4 in a dose-dependent manner at higher doses (Gould et al. 1997 Li and Hansen, 1996b Li et al. 1994, 1998). This effect may reflect stimulation of the thyroid gland as suggested by concurrent morphological changes in the thyroid follicles. 

CN intoxication may result in morphological and functional adverse effects in specific organ systems or tissues as a consequence of acute or repeated exposure to CN. These include both direct adverse reactions to and lesions of the respiratory, cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Secondary toxic effects, from SCN, may occur with the thyroid gland. These organ and tissue effects are summarized below. 

Diffuse and toxic goiters are among the main thyroid disorders caused by iodine deficiency (Figure 81.1). Lack of iodine, when present over a longer period of time, results in both morphological alterations and functional perturbations that affect the thyroid gland. 

All vertebrates have a thyroid gland consisting of functional units, the follicles. The morphological and functional characteristics of the follicles are essentially similar in all vertebrate groups. 

Light microscopy of the thyroid gland of pineal-grafted and control ageing mice showed a very remarkable maintenance of a youthful thyroid morphology, as compared to control (Pierpaoli and Regelson 1994). 

The thyroid gland may be damaged in many ways. A comprehensive description of the anatomical pathology of the thyroid will not be attempted, but since the pathogenesis of hyper- and hypothyroidism cannot be properly understood without an adequate morphological description of the lesion, the major forms of thyroid injuries are outlined (see Table 8-5). The reader is referred to specialized books for further information on the anatomical pathology of the thyroid. 

Thyroid function and changes in ultrasound morphology have been studied in 59 patients with chronic hepatitis C during antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin [49 ]. All had ultrasonography of the thyroid gland before treatment, and... 

Dr Chanoine, did you observe morphological changes in the thyroid glands of selenium-deficient animals ... 

All OCPs are polytropic, parenchymatous poisons, afflicting the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, the heart muscle, the stomach and intestines, and the endocrine system (mostly the adrenal glands, thyroid, and ovaries). Morphological changes in warm-blooded creatures poisoned by OCPs vary from insignificant disruptions in circulation and reversible dystrophy to focal necroses these effects depend on the organism, the dose of OCP, how long the OCP remains active, as well as on other factors [9, 39, 40, A47, A79]. 

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