Thrombosis cerebral vein

Martinelli I, Sacchi E, Landi G, Taio-li E, Duca F, Mannucci PM. High risk of cerebral-vein thrombosis in carriers of a prothrombin-gene mutation and in users of oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med 1998 338[25] 1793-1797. 

Twenty-five percent ofthrombophilic patients develop thrombosis at unusual sites resulting in cerebral venous thrombosis, mesenteric vein thrombosis, hepatic venous thrombosis, retinal vein thrombosis, purpura fulminans, splenic vein thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, or axillary vein thrombosis. The thrombotic disorders may involve inflammatory factors that contribute to the vascular deficit. In addition, embolic events also play a role in the development of these thrombotic complications. 

Thrombosis of superficial and deep cerebral veins as well as the venous sinuses is referred to as cerebral venous thrombosis, Advances in imaging techniques are making it possible to diagnose these conditions more frequently. The clinical features of cerebral vein thrombosis include headache,... 

Herrmann KA, Sporer B, Yousry TA (2004) Thrombosis of the internal cerebral vein associated with transient unilateral thalamic edema a case report and review of the literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25 1351-1355 Higgins JNP, Gillard JH, Owler BK et al (2004) MR venography in idiopathic intracranial hypertension unappreciated and misunderstood. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75 621-625... 

Regional subarachnoid hemorrhage, especially if it is situated on the convexity of the brain. It may be a sign of the rare isolated cerebral vein thrombosis. 

Venous thrombosis is a recognized complication of tricyclic antidepressants. Thrombosis of the cerebral veins occurred in a 61-year-old woman after intravenous... 

Eikmeier G, Kuhlmann R, Gastpar M. Thrombosis of cerebral veins following intravenous application of clomipramine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988 51(11) 1461. 

Shiogai T, Koshimura M, Murata Y et al. (2003). Acetazolamide vasoreactivity evaluated by transcranial harmonic perfusion imaging relationship with transcranial Doppler sonography and dynamic CT. Acta Neurochirurgia Supplement 86 57-62 Stam J (2005). Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses. New England Journal of Medicine 352 1791-1798... 

Intracranial vascular malformations are uncommon, probably congenital, and sometimes familial (Byrne 2005). Those in the dura, draining into the sinuses rather than cerebral veins, can also be caused by skull fracture, craniotomy or dural sinus thrombosis. The overall intracranial vascular malformations detection rate is approximately 3 per 100 000 population per annum and the prevalence is about 20 per 100 000 (Brown et al. 1996). 

Thrombosis in the dural sinuses or cerebral veins is much less common than cerebral arterial thromboembolism. It causes a variety of clinical syndromes, which often do not resemble stroke (Bousser and Ross Russell 1997). While ischemic arterial stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis share some causes (Southwick et al. 1986), others are specific to cerebral venous thrombosis (Table 29.1). A particularly high index of suspicion is required in women on the oral contraceptive pill (Saadatnia and Tajmirriahi 2007) and in the puerperium. In the past, cerebral venous thrombosis was strongly associated with otitis media and mastoiditis, lateral sinus thrombosis or otitic hydrocephalus, but the most common causes are now pregnancy and the puerperium, which cause 5-20% of the cerebral venous thrombosis in the developed world, the oral contraceptive pill, malignancy, dehydration, inflammatory disorders and hereditary coagulation disorders. No cause is found in around 20% of cases. 

Cerebral vein thrombosis developed after the administration of 10 mg of phytomenadione in two patients with chronic intestinal inflammation assumed to be part of an autoimmune disease (2). 

About 1% of all acute strokes or stroke-hke events are caused by cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Thromboses can be located in the intracranial dural sinuses, in the superficial cerebral veins or in the deep cerebral veins. 

A condition in which there are excess macroglobulins in the blood. The high levels of large molecular weight proteins lead to sluggish blood flow and this, in turn, can result in thrombosis in the small blood vessels. Retinal vein thrombosis, cerebral thrombosis and peripheral gangrene (hyperviscosity syndrome) are features. 

Unlabeled Uses Acute peripheral occlusive disease, basilar artery occlusion, cerebral infarction, deep vein thrombosis, femoropopliteal artery occlusion, mesenteric or subclavian vein occlusion, pleural effusion (parapneumonic)... 

Young (<50 years) and no other cause found past history or family history of venous thrombosis, especially if unusual site (cerebral, mesenteric, hepatic veins) recurrent miscarriage thrombocytopenia cardiac valve vegetations livedo reticularis raised ESR malaise positive syphilis serology... 

The main use of the coumarins is in the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disease, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and cerebral embolism from cardiac and other sources. 

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