Three-dimensional tissue culture

Kim JB (2005) Three-dimensional tissue culture models in cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol 15 365-377... 

Kyle, A. H., Chan, C. T. O., and Minchinton, A. 1. (1999). Characterization of three-dimensional tissue cultures using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Biophys. ]. 76, 2640-2648. 

Sheasgreen J, Kubilus J, Sennott H, Ogle P, Klausner M (1996) Reproducibility and correlation of epiocular, a three-dimensional tissue culture model of the human corneal epithelium. Toxicologist 30 128, Soc Toxicol (Reston, VA), Abstract 653... 

HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL TISSUE CULTURE... 

Various tissue constructs have been reassembled from isolated constituents, including resident cell types whose numbers have been amplified or modified in culture. A three-dimensional co-culture system for human skin keratinocytes layered upon a synthetic mesh infiltrated with dermal fibroblasts, when floated to allow contact of the uppermost keratinocytes with air, exhibits stratification and cornification remarkably similar to in vivo squamous epithelia. This reconstructed epithelial model has been recommended as an in vitro replacement for dermal corrosivity testing. It has been anticipated that this and a similar noncomified model will have application in dermal and ocular irritation testing, but thus far validation studies have yielded mixed results. Reconstructed tissues can also provide context for basic toxicological research on aberrant cellular interactions with cellular and acellular constituents, as illustrated by invasion of cancerous epithelial cells into underlying dermis of a skin equivalent model. 

Casser-Bette, M., Murray, A. B., Cioss, E. i., and Schmidt, J. (1990). Bono formation by stcobiast-like cells in a three dimensional cell culture. Calcif. Tissue ini. 46,46-56. 

Three-dimensional cell cultures allow the formation of 3D tissue-like cell structures, which more accurately represent the natural cellular environment than traditional 2D monolayer cultures. 

Tsuda Y, Kikuchi A, Yamato M et al (2005) The use of patterned dual thermoresponslve surfaces for the collective recovery as co-cultured cell sheets. Biomaterials 26 1885-1893 Tsuda Y, Shimizu T, Yamato M et al (2007) Cellular control of tissue architectures using a three-dimensional tissue fabrication technique. Biomaterials 28 4939 946 Van Tomme SR, Hennink WE (2007) Biodegradable dextran hydrogels for protein delivery applications. Expert Rev Med Devic 4 147-164... 

Microchambers can be added into the micromechanical stimulators, which allow the incorporation and support of a three-dimensional cell culture. Similar to the rest of the micromechanical stimulators, the systems make use of the deformation of the elastomer membrane to provide either the compressive or tensile strains to the tissue constructs. The systems can be used to monitor and investigate the effect of mechanical loading on the development of a 3D tissue construct. 

Thomas, R.J., et al.. The effect of three-dimensional co-culture of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells on key hepatocyte functions in vitro. Cells Tissues Organs, 2005.181(2) p. 67-79. 

Lee EJ, Baek M, Gusev Y, Brackett DJ, Nuovo GJ, Schmitlgen TD (2008) Systematic evaluation of microRNA processing patterns in tissues, cell lines, and tumms. RNA 14(1) 3542 Lee JB, Sonb SH, Park MC, Kima TH, Kima MG, Yoo SD, Kim S (2014) A novel in vitro permeability assay using three-dimensional cell culture system. J Biotechnol. doi 10.1016/j. jbiotec.2014.12.019... 

Designing bioreactors is not an easy task. Important parameters inelude nutrient and oxygen supply, metabolic waste removal, hydrodynamic and mechanical stimuli, and the like. Also, tissue culture takes a certain period of time, typically weeks, and is a eostly process. Monitoring the process and adequate control is essential. Unfortunately, monitoring cell status within a three-dimensional tissue remains an unsolved problem, and henee sensible control strategy cannot be implemented. 

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