Thiosulfates structure

Structure. The thiosulfate sulfur atoms have been shown to be nonequivalent by radioactive sulfur exchange studies (1). When a sulfite is treated with radioactive sulfur and the resulting thiosulfate decomposed to sulfur and sulfite by acids, the radioactivity appears in the sulfur ... 

Figure 15.30 Structure of the thiosulfate ion and its various modes of coordination (a) uncoordinated...

Below are two different Lewis structures for foe thiosulfate ion (Sjty-). Which is foe better Lewis structure based only on formal charge ... 

Selenosulfate is an analogue of thiosulfate wherein one of the S atoms is replaced by a Se atom. Thiosulfate and selenosulfate anions are known to have tetrahedral structure as constituting the S and Se analogues, respectively, of the sulfate anion. The isomeric thioselenate anion SSeO " is not produced by the reaction of sulfur with selenite nor is the selenoselenate ion 86203 formed from selenium and selenite. Actually, SSeOj may be produced as a metal salt by boiling an aqueous solution of selenite with sulfur, but in aqueous solution thioselenates are not stable and isomerize to selenosulfates. 

Generally, the experimental results on electrodeposition of CdS in acidic solutions of thiosulfate have implied that CdS growth does not involve underpotential deposition of the less noble element (Cd), as would be required by the theoretical treatments of compound semiconductor electrodeposition. Hence, a fundamental difference exists between CdS and the other two cadmium chalcogenides, CdSe and CdTe, for which the UPD model has been fairly successful. Besides, in the present case, colloidal sulfur is generated in the bulk of solution, giving rise to homogeneous precipitation of CdS in the vessel, so that it is quite difficult to obtain a film with an ordered structure. The same is true for the common chemical bath CdS deposition methods. 

Recendy, ID quantum dots of gallium selenide with average diameter 8-10 nm, connected in the form of chains of average length 50-60 nm, were synthesized on rro substrates by cathodic electrodeposition from acidic aqueous solutions of gallium(III) nitrate and selenious acid [186], The structural analysis from XRD patterns revealed the formation of Ga2Se3/GaSe composition. The films were found to be photoactive in aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution and showed p-type conductivity. 

Reuben, Z., Zalken, A., Fallens, M.O. and Templeton, D.H. (1974) Crystal structure of sodium gold(I) thiosulfate dihydrate, Na3Au(S203)2.2H20. Inorganic Chemistry, 13, 1836-1839. 

Mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone, l,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl) amino) ethyl]amino]]-9,10-anthracendione (30.6.3), is structurally related to the antibiotic dox-orubicine. It is synthesized from danthron (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone), which when reacted with nitric acid, and then a mixture of sodium sulfide and thiosulfate in a base, is transformed to 1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (30.6.2). Reacting this with 2-amino-ethylaminoethanol in the presence of chloranyl (2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobenzoquinone-l,4) gives the desired mitoxantrone (30.6.3), [142-145],... 

The approach to pyrazino[2,3-, ]quinoxalines shown in Equation (114) has now been used to prepare pyrazino[2,3-, ]pyrazines <2007EJ01237>, whose nickel complexes have also been prepared. The same publication also describes the formation of 172 by treatment of conjugated system 173 with sodium thiosulfate. The former is reconverted to the latter on exposure to air and, on further aerial oxidation at 130 °C, 173 eventually forms the highly condensed system 174. Detailed studies of the formation of the tetrahydropyrazinopyrazine 101 have been reported, along with theoretical studies, and structural data for the trans isomer <2007T6915>. 

Reaction of l,l -di(chloromercuri) ferrocene with sodium iodide or sodium thiosulfate might be expected to lead to higher homologs of XXIX in which ferrocene units are bridged by atoms of mercury. Reactions of this type have produced apparently polymeric materials with structures such as XXX, although the very limited solubility of the products has thus far precluded reliable molecular weight measurements (80). 

Thiosulfate cyanide sulfurtransferase symmetry in 78 TTiiouridine 234 Three-dimensional structures of aconitase 689 adenylate kinase 655 aldehyde oxido-reductase 891 D-amino acid oxidase 791 a-amylase, pancreatic 607 aspartate aminotransferase 57,135 catalytic intermediates 752 aspartate carbamyltransferase 348 aspartate chemoreceptor 562 bacteriophage P22 66 cadherin 408 calmodulin 317 carbonic acid anhydrase I 679 carboxypeptidase A 64 catalase 853 cholera toxin 333, 546 chymotrypsin 611 citrate synthase 702, 703 cutinase 134 cyclosporin 488 cytochrome c 847 cytochrome c peroxidase 849 dihydrofolate reductase 807 DNA 214, 223,228,229, 241 DNA complex... 

Application of the qualitative thiosulfate reaction in structural investigations of epoxide-containing natural products may be illustrated by the work of Tarhell and co-workers14 0-ies >1898 on the antibiotic fumagillin. 

The molecular structure of bis(ethylenethiourea)zinc thiosulfate has been determined.893 Zinc is tetrahedrally surrounded by three sulfur atoms (two from ethylenethiourea, one from thiosulfate Zn—S = 2.32A) and one oxygen from the thiosulfate (Zn—0 = 2.02 A). The thiosulfate groups behave as bridging ligands. 

Similar trends have been published elsewhere for the nucleophilic attack at saturated carbon (22.2332.42.43) and have, in fact, provided most of the data upon which the above trend was based. The main area where these trends disagree is in whether thiosulfate or sulfite is the more reactive nucleophile, probably because the reactivities of these two species are so similar. The remainder of the above trend is consistent among different studies, and thus provides some indication (in conjunction with other data from Tables IV through VII) of the structural features which influence the reactivity of these nucleophiles. 

Copper (I) iodide is a dense, pure white solid, crystallizing with a zinc-blende structure below 300°. It is less sensitive to light than either the chloride or bromide, although passage of air over the solid at room temperature in daylight for 3 hours results in the liberation of a small amount of iodine. It melts at 588°, boils at 1,293°, and unlike the other copper halides, is not associated in the vapor state. Being extremely insoluble (0.00042 g./l. at 25°), it is not perceptibly decomposed by water. It is insoluble in dilute acids, but dissolves in aqueous solutions of ammonia, potassium iodide, potassium cyanide, and sodium thiosulfate. It is decomposed by concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids. 

The thiosulfate ion, S2 O2- "3, is a structural analogue of the sulfate ion where one oxygen atom is replaced by one sulfur atom. The two sulfur atoms of thiosulfate thus are not equivalent. Indeed, the unique chemistry of the thiosulfate ion is dominated by the sulfide-like sulfur atom which is responsible for both the reducing properties and complexing abilities. The ability of thiosulfates to dissolve silver halides through complex formation is the basis for their commercial application in photography (qv). 

Calculations from binding-force measurements (2) indicate the limiting structural forms of the thiosulfate ion ... 

Structure (1) explains the formation of sulfur and sulfite in the presence of acid structure (2) is consistent with the formation of sulfide and sulfate in the presence of heavy metals. The bonding in thiosulfate complexes and the chemistry of thiosulfates are normally explained on the basis of (2) (see also... 

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