Thickening Terms Links

Surfactants evaluated in surfactant-enhanced alkaline flooding include internal olefin sulfonates (259,261), linear alkyl xylene sulfonates (262), petroleum sulfonates (262), alcohol ethoxysulfates (258,261,263), and alcohol ethoxylates/anionic surfactants (257). Water-thickening polymers, either xanthan or polyacrylamide, can reduce injected fluid mobiHty in alkaline flooding (264) and surfactant-enhanced alkaline flooding (259,263). The combined use of alkah, surfactant, and water-thickening polymer has been termed the alkaH—surfactant—polymer (ASP) process. Cross-linked polymers have been used to increase volumetric sweep efficiency of surfactant—polymer—alkaline agent formulations (265). 

The reason for the observed increase in lipid labelling is not immediately obvious. None of the biopsies taken for histology showed evidence of epidermal thickening, and so the results cannot be explained in terms of an increased mass of viable tissue per unit area of epidermis. The use of a labelled precursor in substrate, rather than tracer, quantities, makes it unlikely that the finding is an artifact caused by changes in metabolic pool sizes. Nor does it seem possible to account for the results in terms of increased cell turnover, as the rate of epidermal proliferation in both autosomal dominant and sex-linked recessive ichthyosis is within normal limits . Whether lipid turnover is... 

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