Thermoset Resins 1 Polyols

AH of the amine hydrogens are replaced when MDA or PMDA reacts with epoxides to form amine based polyols. These polyols can be used in reactions with isocyanates to form urethanes or with additional epoxide to form cross-linked thermoset resins. 

Most formaldehyde is used to make polymeric resins. It is copolymerized into melamine formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde, and phenol formaldehyde, which are among the earliest commercial thermosetting resins. It is used in the manufacture of pentaerythritol and other polyols, raw materials for polyurethanes and alkyds disinfectants, antiseptics, fungicides, germicides, and preservatives in medical laboratories and embalming fluids and deodorizers, dyes, fertilizers, and corrosion inhibitors in the metal industry. 

Studies show that the anhydride copolymer crosslinked with polyols is thermally reversible.The reversibility of the crosslinking reaction was monitored by IR, by studying variations of the polymer melt index as a function of temperature (160-250 C). This chemistry should be useful for preparing thermosetting resins, which may be fabricated at temperatures above reversibility of the ester bond formation. Thermosets of this type should also be recyclable. 

With amine initiators the so-called self-catalyzed polyols are obtained, which are used in the formulation of rigid spray foam systems. The rigidity or stiffness of a foam is increased by aromatic initiators, such as Mannich bases derived from phenol, phenolic resins, toluenediamine, or methylenedianiline (MDA). In the manufacture of highly resilient flexible foams and thermoset RIM elastomers, graft or polymer polyols are used. 

Includes polyurethanes (TDl, MDI and polyols), unsaturated (thermoset) polyester, and other resins. 

Yang, L. and Johnson, K., Cured thermosets and glass-reinforced composites from unsaturated polyetherester resins, US Patent 5 684 086, 1997. Hsu, C., Zhao, M. and Bergstrom, L., Aromatic polyol end-capped unsaturated polyetherester resins and resin compositions containing the same... 

Phthalide (241) has been used as an additive used to prepare polyesters with low molten viscosity <91JAP(K)03200859>. Phthalic anhydride (242), prepared by the oxidation of o-xylene, is of major importance to the chemical industry with 1992 production over 400000 tonnes <93CEN38>. It is used as a monomer in the preparation of alkyd resins (a polyester with glycerol and other polyols) and thermosetting polymers (with maleic anhydride and polyols). Another important application is in the production of dioctyl phthalate (243), which is used as a plasticizer for PVC (1991 production, 123000 tonnes). Over 400 references pertaining to the use of phthalic anhydride in polymer compositions have appeared since 1982. Tetrabromophthalic anhydride (244) has been used to prepare flame-retardant bisphthalimides as polymer additives <90JAP(K)02145568>. 

Uses Solvent for coatings, cleaners, inks, textile lubricants, urethane prod. plasticizer for flexible thermoset polyester polymer intermediate for polyesfer polyols for urefhanes, wef-sfr. paper resins, polyester resins specialty chemical intermediate Regulatory DOT nonregulated SARA nonreportable Properties Clear colorless liq., mild sweet odor sol. in alcohols, ketones, ethers, most hydrocarbons si. sol. in water and higher paraffinic hydrocarbons m.w. 159 sp.gr. 1.092 (20 C) dens. 9.09 Ib/gal vise. 2.4 cSt vapor pressure 0.2 mm Hg (20 C) f.p. -20 C b.p. 196-225 C acid no. 0.3 max. flash pf. (TCC) 100 C surf. fens. 35.6 dynes/cm 99% min. esfers... 

Uses Solvent for coatings, cleaners, inks, textile lubricants, urethane prod. plasticizer for flexible thermoset polyester polymer intermediate for polyester polyols for urethanes, wet-str. paper resins, polyester resins specialty chemical intermediate... 

Uses Polyol for thermoset water-reducible coatings, dispersions and emulsions crosslinked with melamines or aminoplast resins, in automotive primers, container coatings, and general industrial uses Properties Vise, liq. sol. In polar org. soivs. and water insol. in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons sp.gr. 1.19 g/cc vise. 11,000 cps hyd. no. 330 flash pt. (CC) > 200 F 100% act. 

PPG-24 butyl ether PPG-33 butyl ether PPG-40 butyl ether PPG-53 butyl ether intermediate, reactive plastics Methyl butynol Methyl pentynol intermediate, reactive polymerization initiator n-Propyl chloroformate intermediate, reactive polymerization, latex Vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate Vinyl propionate intermediate, reactive polymerization, thermosetting coatings Vinyl neononanoate Vinyl pivalate intermediate, reactive polymerization, water-soluble polymers Vinyl neodecanoate intermediate, reactive polyols Tetrabromophthalic anhydride intermediate, reactive resins PPG-5 butyl ether PPG-9 butyl ether PPG-15 butyl ether PPG-18 butyl ether PPG-22 butyl ether... 

When the difunctional precursors (diisocyanate, polyol and extender) are allowed to react in a stoichiometric amount, a thermoplastic PU is formed. Thermosetting PU are made by using excess diisocyanate (excess diisocyanate reacts with a urethane structure to form allophanate bonds) or by using a trifunctional extender like glycerin or trimethylol propane [92-94]. The unique feature of PU resin is that the change in UPE between crosslink offers a wide change in properties, especially the strain (which reflects flexibility). For example, a PU system with a molecular weight between two... 

The applications of this technique have been reviewed [68]. In addition to chemical reactions associated with thermal and oxidative decomposition, DSC can also be used to monitor the curing of thermosets (see Section 10.3). Examples are the polymerisation of unsaturated polyester resins, poly-addition of epoxy resins with curing agents, and isocyanates with polyols. 

---