Poly thermoresponsive

Griffiths PC, Alexander C, Nilmini R et al (2008) Physicochemical characterization of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly(ethylene imine) graft copolymers. Biomacromolecules 9 1170-1178... 

Yoshida R, Sakai K, Okano T, Sakurai Y. Drug release profiles in the shrinking process of thermoresponsive poly(Af-isopropylacrylamide-co-alkyl methacrylate) gels. Indust Eng Chem Res 1992 31(10) 2339—2345. 

PET and poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) were activated using oxygen plasma [8]. Patterns of self-assembled monolayers of trichlorosilane initiators were then deposited using microcontact printing. Microstructured thermoresponsive poly(iV-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes were generated by ATRP. 

Pretsch, T. (2010) Triple-shape properties of a thermoresponsive poly(ester urethane). Smart Materials and Structures, 19, paper 015006 (7 pages). 

The hexagonaUy ordered mesoporous silicas with different pore sizes (10,17,30 nm) materials were tested as carrier, in smart controlled drug (Indomethacin (I)) release using the thermoresponsive poly(iV-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hybrid nanoporous structures during stepwise temperature changes between 25°C and 40°C (Chang et al. 2004). 

Our work employs electrochemically initiated polymerization (EIP) which is an easy and flexible method to produce surface coatings of various kinds. The technique makes use of the decomposition of an electro-active initiator at an electrode to start a free-radical polymerization. The polymer is formed directly at the electrode surface. As a consequence, the films adhere tightly to the surface. Adhesion is based on physisorption of the hydrogel to the metal. Note in this context that EIP is different from electrografting of conductive polymers. In EIP, the initiator is the electro-active species, rather than the monomer. Recently, we reported on the formation of thermoresponsive poly-A -isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAm) hydrogel coatings on gold surfaces based on this approach. ... 

Luo S, Xu J, Zhu Z, Wu C, Liu S (2006) Phase transition behavior of unimolecular micelles with thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) coronas. J Phys Chem B 110 9132-9139... 

Polymer bilayers, where active component is thermoresponsive poly-(AI-isopropylacrylamide)-based copolymers, are more suitable for encapsulation of cells. 

Light based on light-to-heat conversion [33]. In the first approach, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated inside thermoresponsive poly(A-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel. Light is absorbed by CNTs and converted into heat. The increase of temperature leads to deswelling of the hydrogel and unfolding of the 3D structure [33a]. In the second approach, pre-strained polystyrene (also known as Shrinky-Dinks) that... 

Loh XJ, Sng KBC, Li J. Synthesis and water-swelling of thermoresponsive poly(ester ure-thanejs containing poly(e-caprolactone)poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(propylene glycol). Biomaterials 2008 29 3185-94. 

Polyi v mylether)s °- o3-r 33 X Polyether is a polymer with oxygen atoms in the main or side chtiin. Among them, thermoresponsive poly(vinylether)s have oxymethylene and/or oxyethylene pendants in their side chains [30, 124,404-406] Phase separation temperature of vinyl ethers can be controlled by varying the number of the pendant oxyethylene units and/or the hydrophobicity of an co-alkyl group, R Tcp measurements typically reveal an abrupt reversible transition within AT = 1°C no hysteresis Homopolymers of ethyl vinylether and higher alkyl vinylethers are insoluble in water... 

DOSY experiments were performed by Loinaz and coworkers in order to determine the diffusion coefficient of thermoresponsive poly(N-iso-propylacrylamide) based SCNPs in solution. The diffusion coefficient was inversely proportional to the hydrodynamic volume, meaning that the SCNPs had a greater diffusion coefficient than their parents. 

The inclusion of the thermoresponsive poly(Af-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) constituent suggests the advantages of (1) degradation mechanism modulation of biodegradable polymers, (2) cytotoxicity reduction of polycationic polymers, (3) thermally localizing medication to target sites after systemic administrations while their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is tailored to temperatures between 37°C (body temperature) and 42°C (used habitually in clinical hyperthermia), and (4) drugs released at diverse profiles in answer to stimuli such as temperature, pH, etc. [69]. 

Nakayama, M., Yamada, N., Kumashiro, Y, Kanazawa, H., Yamato, M., Okano, T. (2012). Thermoresponsive poly(A-isopropylacrylamide)-based block copolymer coating for optimizing cell sheet fabrication. Macromolecular Bioscience, 12, 751-760. 

Nitschke, M., Gramm, S., Gbtze, T., Valtink, M., Drichel, J., Voit, B., et al. (2007). Thermoresponsive poly(NiPAAm-co-DEGMA) substrates for gentle harvest of human comeal endothelial cell sheets. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research A, 80, 1003-1010. 

FCS studies were not only performed in PNIPAM, but also in thermoresponsive poly(2-oxazolines) [150] and to investigate the diffusion of nanoparticles in meth-ylcellulose [151]. At low temperature, the latter exhibits a transient polymer mesh networks in the fluid state which at higher temperatures switches to a gelled state due to a formation of fibrillar structures. 

Wu, T, Zhang, Y.F., Wang, X.F., Liu, S.Y. 2008. Fabrication of Hybrid Silica Nanoparticles Densely Grafted with Thermoresponsive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Brushes of Controlled Thickness via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. 20 101-109. 

Sd-Lima, H., Tuzlakoglu, K., Mano, J. F. and Reis, R. L. (2011). Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-methylcellulose hydrogel as a three-dimensional extracellular matrix for cartilage-engineered apphcations. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 98a, 596-603. 

Miserez,B.,Lynen,E, Wright, A.,Euerby,M. and Sandra,P. (2010).Thermoresponsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) as stationary phase for aqueous and green liquid chromatography. Chromatographia, 71,1-6. 

A thermoresponsive polymer hydrogel can be synthesized by copolymerizing these acrylamide-type monomers and a difunctional monomer such as methylenebisacrylamide. Hirokawa and other researchers studied the temperature dependence of the degree of swelling of a thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel in pure water [18]. It was observed that a discontinuous volumetric phase transition occurred around the LCST of the polymer and the volume change was 8 times. 

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