Thermoplastics polycarbonates

Although somewhat more expensive than the general purpose thermoplastics, polycarbonates have established themselves in a number of applications. The desirable features of the polymer may be listed as follows ... 

Provided due care is taken with respect to predrying and to crazing tendencies, polycarbonates may also be thermoformed, used for fluidised bed coating and machined and cemented. Like metals, but unlike most thermoplastics, polycarbonates may be cold formed by punching and cold rolling. Cold rolling can in fact improve the impact resistance of the resin. 

Bottenbruch, L. (ed) Engineering Thermoplastics Polycarbonates, Polyacetals, Polyesters, Cellulose Esters. (1996) Hanser Gardner Publications, Cincinnati,... 

A series of solid-state reactions has been explored by Kaupp et al., in which gaseous amines were reacted with aldehydes to give imines. Analogous reactions with solid anhydrides, imides, lactones or carbonates, and isothiocyanates were used to give, respectively, diamides or amidic carboxylic salts or imides, diamides, carbamic acids, and thioureas [24]. In general the yields were found to be quantitative. Ammonia and other gaseous amines, in particular methyl-amine, have also been shown to aminolyse thermoplastic polycarbonates [25]. 

Continuity can also be reached by polymerizing one of the components within the other. In such a case the blend is called an IPN, an interpenetrating network it is, in most cases formed by a thermoset in a thermoplastic polymer. An example is a compound built-up from 50% of a thermoplast (polycarbonate or polysulphone), and 50% of a cross-linked polymer on the basis of dicyanate bisphenol-A. The skeleton... 

Boden, E.P. Krabbenhoft, H.O. Preparation of Branched Thermoplastic Polycarbonate from Polycarbonate and Polyhydric Phenol US Patent 4,888,400, December 19, 1989. 

To further investigate the question of polymer structure-permeability relationships, this study reports oxygen permeability measurements on a group of structurally varied bisphenol based polymers. In addition to representing commercially important classes of engineering thermoplastics, polycarbonates, polyarylates and polyetherimides can be easily prepared from a common set of... 

Another important class of polymers developed in these years was the polycarbonates. The first polycarbonate, a cross-linked material, was discovered in 1898, but the first linear thermoplastic polycarbonate was not made until 1953 and brought into commercial production in 1960. The polycarbonates are tough, engineering materials that will withstand a wide range of temperatures. 

Shear modulus profiles of a phenolic resin compared to thermoplastics (polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate) [709]... 

Bottenbruch L, editor. Engineering thermoplastics polycarbonates— polyacetals—polyesters— cellulose esters. NY Hanser 1996. 

N. Agarwal, Thermoplastic polycarbonate compositions, articles made therefrom and method of manufacture, US Patent 7498401, assigned to SABIC Innovative Plastics IP B.V. (Bergen op Zoom, NL), March 3,2009. 

Panthapulakkal, S., Sain, M., 2011. Preparation and characterization of ceUulose nanofibril films from wood fibre and their thermoplastic polycarbonate composites. International Journal of Polymer Science 2012, 1—7. 

The most important chain-growth polymers are polyolefins and other vinyl polymers. Examples of the former are polyethylene, and polypropylene, and examples of the latter are poly(vinyl chloride), polystyrene, poly(vinyl alcohol), polyacrylonitrile, and poly(methyl acrylates). The most common stepwise reactions are condensation polymerizations. Polyamides, such as nylon 6-6, which is poly(hexamethylene adipamide), and polyesters, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), are the most important commercial condensation polymers. These polymers were originally developed for use in fiber manufacture because of their high melting points but are now used also as thermoplastics. Polycarbonate is an engineering plastic that is made from bisphenol A and phosgene by a stepwise reaction. 

If every one of the 10 million or so automobiles produced in the United States in a single year suddenly were equipped with a thermoplastic polycarbonate windshield, what new selling price might be expected for the general-purpose material Assume that the selling price scales with the 0.6 power of production volume. 

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