Thermoplastic polyester foams

THERMOPLASTIC POLYESTER FOAMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SANDWICH PANELS... 

Aromatic carboxylic dianhydride chain extenders (e.g. PMDA) are a low-cost way of converting recycled PET flakes into high-IV crystalline pellets that can be used in high-value applications (e.g. bottles, strapping, foam, engineering alloys/compounds, etc.) (see Figure 14.2). PMDA is an effective chain extension additive for thermoplastic polyesters such as PET and PBT. It is suitable for the following applications ... 

Thermoplastic polymer foams can be prepared from starch-polyester graft copol zmers. Water is used as the plasticizer as well as the blowing agent (3). The foams have improved processability, surface properties, and an extended range of mechanical properties. 

Polypropylene and nylon Reactive intermediate in making polyester and epoxy flame retardant resins Polyolefins, ABS, polyesters Thermosets and thermoplastics Urethane foams and polyesters Plastic foams and polyester fibers Thermoplastics usually as a synergist Engineering thermoplastics Glass reinforced nylon and PBT... 

Celanese, Nylon 6/6, Ticona Celanex, Thermoplastic polyester, Ticona Celcon, Acetal copolymer resin, Ticona Cell-Aire, Foamed polyethylene laminates. 

Uses Chem. foaming agent for PPO, thermoplastic polyester, PC, polysulfone, nylon, PEI... 

Usage of phosphoms-based flame retardants for 1994 in the United States has been projected to be 150 million (168). The largest volume use maybe in plasticized vinyl. Other use areas for phosphoms flame retardants are flexible urethane foams, polyester resins and other thermoset resins, adhesives, textiles, polycarbonate—ABS blends, and some other thermoplastics. Development efforts are well advanced to find appHcations for phosphoms flame retardants, especially ammonium polyphosphate combinations, in polyolefins, and red phosphoms in nylons. Interest is strong in finding phosphoms-based alternatives to those halogen-containing systems which have encountered environmental opposition, especially in Europe. 

The methods used to increase the water resistance of a glass microsphere foam are basically those applied to glass-reinforced plastics, filled thermoplasts, and elastomers, viz. hydrophobic adhesion compounds are added to binder and microsphere dressing 147). The compounds added are alkyl alkoxysilane derivatives, amino or epoxy alkoxysilanes for epoxy and phenolic resins, vinyl or methacryloxy alkoxysilanes for polyester resins. The dressing agents used are aminoethoxysilanes (y-aminopropyl-... 

Burning may be considered another means of oxidation. Non-burning plastics are a must in commercial constructions according to building codes and are often required for automotive, electronic, and electrical applications. From the numerous thermoplastics, only the halogen-containing polymers, polyamides, polycarbonate, poly(phenylene oxide), polysulfone, and polyimides are self-extinguishing. Even these, such as poly (vinyl chloride), may become flammable when plasticized with a flammable plasticizer. Fire control can be the key to volume use of plastics. Polyester panels, urethane foam, and PVC tarpaulins account for nearly 90% of all fire retardants consumed. Consumption in 1967... 

Phosphorus Phosphate esters and others (halogenated and nonhalogenated) Polyurethane foams, polyesters, and thermoplastics such as flexible PVC, modified PPO, and cellulosics Also polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and ethylene/propylene copolymers Akzo Nobel, Albemarle, Amfine Chemical Corp., Amspec Chemical, Bayer, Ciba Specialty Chemical-Melapur, Clariant, Cytec, Daihachi Chemical Industry, Great Lakes, Italmatch Chemicals, Nitroil, Rhodia... 

Matrix resins to be used for syntactic foams include thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins, as shown below. Epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester and phenolic resin have been the resins of choice for industrial applications because the resulting foams have remarkably high compressive strengths. Examples of the resins used are given below. 

Priplast [Unichema Unichema France SA] Azelates or epoxizied oleate plasticizers for PVC, PVDC, PVAc, cellu-losics, specialty rubbers, nitroceOulose, polyvinylbutyral films polyester polyols for polyurethane foam, coatings, and thermoplastic elastomers. 

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